面向对象的基本特征有:封闭、继承、多态。
在JavaScript中实现继承的方法:
1. 原型链(prototype chaining)
2. call()/apply()
3. 混合方式(prototype和call()/apply()结合)
4. 对象冒充
继承的方法如下:
1、prototype原型链方式:
function teacher(name) {
this.name = name;
}
teacher.prototype.sayName = function () {
console.log("name is " + this.name);
}
var teacher1 = new teacher("xiaoming");
teacher1.sayName();
function student(name) {
this.name = name;
}
student.prototype = new teacher()
var student1 = new student("xiaolan");
student1.sayName();
2、call()/apply()方法
function teacher(name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.sayhi = function () {
alert('name:' + name + ", age:" + age);
}
}
function student() {
var args = arguments;
teacher.call(this, args[0], args[1]);
// teacher.apply(this,arguments);
}
var teacher1 = new teacher('xiaoming', 23);
teacher1.sayhi();
var student1 = new student('xiaolan', 12);
student1.sayhi();
3、混合方法【prototype,call/apply】
function teacher(name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
teacher.prototype.sayName = function () {
console.log('name:' + this.name);
}
teacher.prototype.sayAge = function () {
console.log('age:' + this.age);
}
function student() {
var args = arguments;
teacher.call(this, args[0], args[1]);
}
student.prototype = new teacher();
var student1 = new student('xiaolin', 23);
student1.sayName();
student1.sayAge();
4、对象冒充
function Person(name, age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.show = function () {
alert(this.name + ", " + this.age);
}
}
function Student(name, age) {
this.student = Person; //将Person类的构造函数赋值给this.student
this.student(name, age); //js中实际上是通过对象冒充来实现继承的
delete this.student; //移除对Person的引用
}
var s = new Student("小明", 17);
s.show();
var p = new Person("小花", 18);
p.show();
Person的show是非静态方法,show里调用的name、age属性都没有初始值,所以用原型链方式更好。