javascript面向对象中继承实现？

面向对象的基本特征有：封闭、继承、多态。

在JavaScript中实现继承的方法：

1. 原型链（prototype chaining）

2. call()/apply()

3. 混合方式(prototype和call()/apply()结合)

4. 对象冒充

继承的方法如下：

1、prototype原型链方式：

 

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1. function teacher(name){  
2.     this.name = name;  
3. }  
4. teacher.prototype.sayName = function(){  
5.     console.log("name is "+this.name);  
6. }  
7. var teacher1 = new teacher("xiaoming");  
8. teacher1.sayName();  
9.   
10. function student(name){  
11.     this.name = name;  
12. }  
13. student.prototype = new teacher()  
14. var student1 = new student("xiaolan");  
15. student1.sayName();  
16. //  name is xiaoming  
17. //  name is xiaolan  

 

2、call()/apply()方法

function teacher(name,age){

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

this.sayhi = function(){

alert('name:'+name+", age:"+age);

}

}

function student(){

var args = arguments;

teacher.call(this,args[0],args[1]);

// teacher.apply(this,arguments);

}

var teacher1 = new teacher('xiaoming',23);

teacher1.sayhi();

 

var student1 = new student('xiaolan',12);

student1.sayhi();

 

// alert: name:xiaoming, age:23

// alert: name:xiaolan, age:12

 

3、混合方法【prototype,call/apply】

 

function teacher(name,age){

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

}

teacher.prototype.sayName = function(){

console.log('name:'+this.name);

}

teacher.prototype.sayAge = function(){

console.log('age:'+this.age);

}

 

function student(){

var args = arguments;

teacher.call(this,args[0],args[1]);

}

student.prototype = new teacher();

 

var student1 = new student('xiaolin',23);

student1.sayName();

student1.sayAge();

// name:xiaolin

// age:23

4、对象冒充

 

function Person(name,age){

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

this.show = function(){

console.log(this.name+", "+this.age);

}

}

 

function Student(name,age){

this.student = Person; //将Person类的构造函数赋值给this.student

this.student(name,age); //js中实际上是通过对象冒充来实现继承的

delete this.student; //移除对Person的引用

}

 

var s = new Student("小明",17);

s.show();

 

var p = new Person("小花",18);

p.show();

// 小明, 17

// 小花, 18