微服务架构4个核心问题?(从问题入手)
1.服务很多,客户端该怎么访问?
2.这么多服务?服务之间如何通信?
3.这么多服务? 如何治理?
4.服务挂了怎么办?
SpringCloud是生态 是一个解决方案 例如小米公司的生态
1.Spring cloud NetFlix
2.Apache Dubbo Zookeeper
3.Spring cloud Alibaba
微服务技术栈有哪些
各微服务框架对比
传统网站架构图
项目搭建
1.新建springcloud父项目
1.删除src
2.修改打包方式
<!--打包方式-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
maven中的三种工程:
1.pom工程:用在父级工程或聚合工程中。用来做jar包的版本控制。
2.war工程:将会打包成war,发布在服务器上的工程。如网站或服务。
3.jar工程:将会打包成jar用作jar包使用。
2.导入依赖
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.cloud/spring-cloud-dependencies -->
<!--springcloud-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR3</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--springboot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.7.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--数据库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<!--数据源-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.21</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.11</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
<!--日志测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencyManagement> 依赖管理标签,子模块需要什么就导入什么依赖 不需要执行版本号了
2.建立springcloud-api子项目
1.导入依赖
<dependencies>
<!--父依赖有版本 这里就不用写了-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.连接mysql数据库
注意:jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
3.建立dept表
4.编写实体类
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)//链式写法开启
public class Dept {
private long deptno;
private String deptname;
private String db_source;
public Dept(String name){
this.deptname = name;
}
}
3.新建 springcloud-provider-dept-8001 子项目
1.导入依赖
<dependencies>
<!--我们需要拿到实体类 所以要配置api model-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--基于Java的web容器 类似tomcat-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.application.yml配置文件
server:
port: 8001
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.kuang
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept-8001
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: root
3.mybatis-config.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
4.DeptDao及resource下DeptMapper.xml
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface DeptDao {
int addDept(Dept dept);
Dept queryById(Long id);
List<Dept> queryAll();
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.kuang.dao.DeptDao">
<select id="queryById" parameterType="Long" resultType="Dept">
select * from mybatis.dept where deptno = #{deptno}
</select>
<update id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
insert into mybatis.dept (deptname,db_source)
value (#{deptname},DATABASE())
</update>
<select id="queryAll" resultType="Dept" >
select * from mybatis.dept
</select>
</mapper>
3.新建springcloud-consumer-dept-80
1,导入依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2.resource下新建application.yml
server:
port: 80
3.新建ConfigBean类,将RestTemplate加载到容器
@Configuration//相当于 spring applicationContext.xml
public class ConfigBean {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4.DeptConsumerController 没有service层 通过restremplate远程调用8001服务的接口 (提供多种便捷访问远程http服务方法,简单的Restful服务模板)
@Controller
public class DeptConsumerController {
// 消费者 没有service层
//RestTemplate 供我们调用
//
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/addDept")
public int addDept(Dept dept){
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"dept/addDept",dept,Integer.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"dept/queryById/"+id,Dept.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/queryAll")
public List<Dept> queryAll(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/queryAll",List.class);
}
}
5.启动类 测试
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
}
}
Eureka (服务注册与发现)
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43591980/article/details/106255122
基于CS架构 遵循AP原则
Eureka是Ntflix的一个子模块,也是核心模块之一。Eureka是一个基于REST的服务,用于定位服务,以实现云端中间层服务发现和故障转移,服务注册与发现对于微服务来说是非常重要的,有了服务发现与注册,只需要使用服务的标识符,就可以访问到服务,而不需要修改服务调用的配置文件了,功能类似于Zookeeper。
1.新建springcloud-eureka-7001项目
1.依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 7001
# Eureka配置
eureka:
instance:
# Eureka服务端的实例名字
hostname: 127.0.0.1
client:
# 表示是否向 Eureka 注册中心注册自己(这个模块本身是服务器,所以不需要)
register-with-eureka: false
# fetch-registry如果为false,则表示自己为注册中心,客户端的化为 ture
fetch-registry: false
# Eureka监控页面~
service-url:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
3.启动类
@SpringBootApplication
// @EnableEurekaServer 服务端的启动类,可以接受别人注册进来~
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServer_7001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaServer_7001.class,args);
}
}
调整之前创建的springlouc-provider-dept-8001
1.导入Eureca依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
<version>1.4.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
2.application中新增Eureca配置
# Eureka配置:配置服务注册中心地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/
3.为主启动类添加@EnableEurekaClient注解
4.修改Eureka上的默认描述信息
# Eureka配置:配置服务注册中心地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: springcloud-provider-dept-8001 #修改Eureka上的默认描述信息
5.配置关于服务加载的监控信息
pom.xml中添加依赖
<!--actuator完善监控信息-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.yml中添加配置
# Eureka配置:配置服务注册中心地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/
instance:
instance-id: springcloud-provider-dept-8001 #修改Eureka上的默认描述信息
这个instance配置 可以显示实例名
配置点击这个实例名后的信息
# info配置
info:
# 项目的名称
app.name: haust-springcloud
# 公司的名称
company.name: 公司的名称
EureKa自我保护机制:好死不如赖活着
一句话总结就是:某时刻某一个微服务不可用,eureka不会立即清理,依旧会对该微服务的信息进行保存!
注册进来的微服务,获取一些消息(团队开发会用到)
1.DeptController.java新增方法
@Autowired
private DiscoveryClient client;
@GetMapping("/dept/discovery")
public Object discovery() {
// 获取微服务列表的清单
List<String> services = client.getServices();
System.out.println("discovery=>services:" + services);
// 得到一个具体的微服务信息,通过具体的微服务id,applicaioinName;
List<ServiceInstance> instances = client.getInstances("SPRINGCLOUD-PROVIDER-DEPT");
for (ServiceInstance instance : instances) {
System.out.println(
instance.getHost() + "\t" + // 主机名称
instance.getPort() + "\t" + // 端口号
instance.getUri() + "\t" + // uri
instance.getServiceId() // 服务id
);
}
return this.client;
}
2.启动类中加入@EnableDiscoveryClient 注解
3.测试