decode的用法

 先构造一个例子，假设我们想给智星职员加工资，其标准是：工资在8000元以下的将加20％；工资在8000元以上的加15％，通常的做法是，先选出记录中的工资字段值?

 1  PL/SQL: select salary into var-salary from employee，然后对变量var-salary用if-then-else或choose case之类的流控制语句进行判断。

 2 SQL

如果用DECODE函数，那么我们就可以把这些流控制语句省略，通过SQL语句就可以直接完成。

 

SQL> select * from emp; EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO ----- ---------- --------- ----- ----------- ----- ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH CLERK 7902 18-DEC-1980 800 20 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7698 20-FEB-1981 1600 300 30 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7698 22-FEB-1981 1250 500 30 7566 JONES MANAGER 7839 02-APR-1981 2975 20 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 28-SEP-1981 1250 1400 30 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 7839 01-MAY-1981 2850 30 7782 CLARK MANAGER 7839 09-JUN-1981 2450 10 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 7566 19-APR-1987 5000 20 7839 KING PRESIDENT 17-NOV-1981 5000 10 7844 TURNER SALESMAN 7698 08-SEP-1981 1500 0 30 7876 ADAMS CLERK 7788 23-MAY-1987 1100 20 7900 JAMES CLERK 7698 03-DEC-1981 950 30 7902 FORD ANALYST 7566 03-DEC-1981 3000 20 7934 MILLER CLERK 7782 23-JAN-1982 1300 10 14 rows selected.

 

1 select ename,decode(ename, 2 'SMITH','SUPERMAN ', 3 'ALLEN','SUPERWOMAN', 4 'WORD' ,'FISHERMAN ', 5 'OTHER PEOPLE' 6 ) 7* from emp SQL> / ENAME DECODE(ENAME ---------- ------------ SMITH SUPERMAN ALLEN SUPERWOMAN WARD OTHER PEOPLE JONES OTHER PEOPLE MARTIN OTHER PEOPLE BLAKE OTHER PEOPLE CLARK OTHER PEOPLE SCOTT OTHER PEOPLE KING OTHER PEOPLE TURNER OTHER PEOPLE ADAMS OTHER PEOPLE JAMES OTHER PEOPLE FORD OTHER PEOPLE MILLER OTHER PEOPLE

 

1 select ename,decode(sign(sal-2300), 2 1,'high pay', 3 -1,'low pay ', 4 0,'avg pay ', 5 'unknow' 6 ) 7* from emp SQL> / ENAME DECODE(S ---------- -------- SMITH low pay ALLEN low pay WARD low pay JONES high pay MARTIN low pay BLAKE high pay CLARK high pay SCOTT high pay KING high pay TURNER low pay ADAMS low pay JAMES low pay FORD high pay MILLER low pay 14 rows selected. SQL> select avg(sal) from emp; AVG(SAL) ---------- 2216.07143 1 row selected.

 

decode (expression, search_1, result_1)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, ...., search_n, result_n)

decode (expression, search_1, result_1, default)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, default)
decode (expression, search_1, result_1, search_2, result_2, ...., search_n, result_n, default

使用SIGN函数实现大于小于等于的判断：

select decode(sign(变量1-变量2),-1,变量1,变量2) from dual; --取较小值
sign()函数根据某个值是0、正数还是负数，分别返回0、1、-1
例如:
变量1=10，变量2=20
则sign(变量1-变量2)返回-1，decode解码结果为“变量1”，达到了取较小值的目的。
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