概述
计算机包括嵌入式设备,关机和重启是常见的两个操作。本文主要主要描述这两个动作背后和流程和实现。
下机我们先看一下,linux支持的类似关机重启这样的命令的其它相关命令。
/*
* Commands accepted by the _reboot() system call.
*
* RESTART Restart system using default command and mode.
* HALT Stop OS and give system control to ROM monitor, if any.
* CAD_ON Ctrl-Alt-Del sequence causes RESTART command.
* CAD_OFF Ctrl-Alt-Del sequence sends SIGINT to init task.
* POWER_OFF Stop OS and remove all power from system, if possible.
* RESTART2 Restart system using given command string.
* SW_SUSPEND Suspend system using software suspend if compiled in.
* KEXEC Restart system using a previously loaded Linux kernel
*/
#define LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART 0x01234567 //重启命令
#define LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT 0xCDEF0123
#define LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON 0x89ABCDEF
#define LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF 0x00000000
#define LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF 0x4321FEDC//关机命令
#define LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2 0xA1B2C3D4
#define LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_SW_SUSPEND 0xD000FCE2
#define LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC 0x45584543
reboot/shutdown流程
在Linux操作系统中,可以通过reboot、halt、poweroff等命令,发起reboot,具体的操作流程如下:
- 一般的Linux操作系统,在用户空间都提供了一些工具集合(如常在嵌入式系统使用的Busybox),这些工具集合包含了reboot、halt和poweroff三个和Reboot相关的命令。读者可以参考man帮助文档,了解这些命令的解释和使用说明
- 用户空间程序通过reboot系统调用,进入内核空间
- 内核空间根据执行路径的不同,提供了kernel_restart、kernel_halt和kernel_power_off三个处理函数,响应用空间的reboot请求
- 这三个处理函数的处理流程大致相同,主要包括:向关心reboot过程的进程发送Notify事件;调用drivers核心模块提供的接口,关闭所有的外部设备;调用drivers syscore模块提供的接口,关闭system core;调用Architecture相关的处理函数,进行后续的处理;最后,调用machine相关的接口,实现真正意义 Reboot
- 另外,借助TTY模块提供的Sysreq机制,内核提供了其它途径的关机方法,如某些按键组合、向/proc文件写入命令等。
实现流程分析
系统调用入口
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(reboot, int, magic1, int, magic2, unsigned int, cmd,
void __user *, arg)
{
struct pid_namespace *pid_ns = task_active_pid_ns(current);
char buffer[256];
int ret = 0;
/* We only trust the superuser with rebooting the system. */
if (!ns_capable(pid_ns->user_ns, CAP_SYS_BOOT))
return -EPERM;
/* For safety, we require "magic" arguments. */
if (magic1 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC1 ||
(magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2 &&
magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2A &&
magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2B &&
magic2 != LINUX_REBOOT_MAGIC2C))
return -EINVAL;
/*
* If pid namespaces are enabled and the current task is in a child
* pid_namespace, the command is handled by reboot_pid_ns() which will
* call do_exit().
*/
ret = reboot_pid_ns(pid_ns, cmd);
if (ret)
return ret;
/* Instead of trying to make the power_off code look like
* halt when pm_power_off is not set do it the easy way.
*/
if ((cmd == LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF) && !pm_power_off)
cmd = LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT;
mutex_lock(&reboot_mutex);
switch (cmd) {
case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART:
kernel_restart(NULL); //重启函数入口
break;
case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_ON:
C_A_D = 1;
break;
case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_CAD_OFF:
C_A_D = 0;
break;
case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_HALT:
kernel_halt();
do_exit(0);
panic("cannot halt");
case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_POWER_OFF:
kernel_power_off(); //关机函数入口
do_exit(0);
break;
case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_RESTART2:
if (strncpy_from_user(&buffer[0], arg, sizeof(buffer) - 1) < 0) {
ret = -EFAULT;
break;
}
buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
kernel_restart(buffer);
break;
#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC
case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_KEXEC:
ret = kernel_kexec();
break;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
case LINUX_REBOOT_CMD_SW_SUSPEND:
ret = hibernate();
break;
#endif
default:
ret = -EINVAL;
break;
}
mutex_unlock(&reboot_mutex);
return ret;
}
重启函数入口
void kernel_restart(char *cmd)
{
kernel_restart_prepare(cmd); //通知链通知,关闭所有设备(bus,driver的shutdown接口)
migrate_to_reboot_cpu();//
syscore_shutdown(); //系统核心器件关闭(例如中断等)
if (!cmd)
printk(KERN_EMERG "Restarting system.\n");
else
printk(KERN_EMERG "Restarting system with command '%s'.\n", cmd);
kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_RESTART); //向世界发出最后的声音
machine_restart(cmd); //由machine-core的代码,接管后续的处理
}
关机接口
void kernel_power_off(void)
{
kernel_shutdown_prepare(SYSTEM_POWER_OFF);
if (pm_power_off_prepare)
pm_power_off_prepare();
migrate_to_reboot_cpu();
syscore_shutdown();
printk(KERN_EMERG "Power down.\n");
kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_POWEROFF);
machine_power_off();
}
驱动需要实现什么?
实现各自的shutdown接口,以正确关闭对应的设备