智能指针

C++11引用了智能指针来解决内存泄漏的问题，特别在大型项目中new和delete频繁使用后，导致后期维护成本的持续走高。智能指针可以很好解决这一问题，但智能指针的使用也存在一些陷阱，只有熟练使用之后才能让它成为利器。为了更好地反应问题现象，先封装一个检测内存泄漏的API来进行测试，下面就shared_ptr，unique_ptr，weak_ptr进行说明。

• 内存检测api

#ifndef _MEMORYLEAKCHECK_H__
#define _MEMORYLEAKCHECK_H__

#define _CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC
#include <crtdbg.h>
#include <assert.h>

#ifdef _DEBUG
#	define new DEBUG_CLIENTBLOCK
#endif

#ifdef _DEBUG
#	define DEBUG_CLIENTBLOCK   new( _CLIENT_BLOCK, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#else
#	define DEBUG_CLIENTBLOCK
#endif

void ExitCheckout()
{
	_CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF | _CRTDBG_LEAK_CHECK_DF);
	assert(_CrtDumpMemoryLeaks() == 0);
}

#endif /*_MEMORYLEAKCHECK_H__*/

• 测试类

smart.h

#ifndef _SMART_H__
#define _SMART_H__

#include <memory>

typedef struct
{
	int iFrameHeader;
	short sDataLen;
	char acData[1];
	int iFrameTail;
}ST_DATA, *PST_DATA;

class CSmart;
typedef std::weak_ptr<CSmart> CSmartW;
typedef std::unique_ptr<CSmart> CSmartU;
typedef std::shared_ptr<CSmart> CSmartS;

class CSmart : public std::enable_shared_from_this<CSmart>
{
public:
    int m_iTest;
public:
	void Print();
	void Set(int iData);
	CSmartS GetObject();


	std::shared_ptr<char> GetSharedFrame(int iDataLen);
	std::unique_ptr<char[]> GetUniqueFrame(int iDataLen);

	void SetsharedFrame(std::shared_ptr<char> pcData);
	void SetUniqueFrame(std::unique_ptr<char[]>& pcData);
public:
	CSmart();
	~CSmart();
	//CSmart(const CSmart&) = delete;
	//CSmart& operator = (const CSmart&) = delete;
	//~CSmart() = default;
};

//============================================================
class CBaseB;
class CBaseA
{
public:
	std::weak_ptr<CBaseB> m_pobjBaseB;
	//std::shared_ptr<CBaseB> m_pobjBaseB;
public:
	void Print() { printf("CBaseA\n"); }
public:
	CBaseA() = default;
	~CBaseA() { printf("~CBaseA\n"); }
};

class CBaseB
{
public:
	std::weak_ptr<CBaseA> m_pobjBaseA;
	//std::shared_ptr<CBaseA> m_pobjBaseA;
public:
	void Print() { printf("CBaseB\n"); }
public:
	CBaseB() = default;
	~CBaseB() = default;
};
#endif /*_SMART_H__*/

smart.cpp

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "smart.h"

CSmart::CSmart():m_iTest(0)
{
}

CSmart::~CSmart()
{
	printf("~CSmart\n");
}

void CSmart::Print()
{
	printf("function:test\n");
}

void CSmart::Set(int iData)
{
	m_iTest = iData;
	printf("set value:%d\n", m_iTest);
}

CSmartS CSmart::GetObject()
{
	//return (CSmartS)this;
	return shared_from_this();
}

std::shared_ptr<char> CSmart::GetSharedFrame(int iDataLen)
{

	std::shared_ptr<char> pstChar(new char[sizeof (ST_DATA)+iDataLen - 1](), std::default_delete<char[]>());
	PST_DATA pstData = (PST_DATA)(pstChar.get());

	pstData->iFrameHeader = 0xFF;
	pstData->sDataLen = iDataLen;
	pstData->iFrameTail = 0xAA;

	return pstChar;
}

std::unique_ptr<char[]> CSmart::GetUniqueFrame(int iDataLen)
{
	std::unique_ptr<char[]> pstChar(new char[sizeof (ST_DATA) + iDataLen - 1]());
	PST_DATA pstData = (PST_DATA)(pstChar.get());

	pstData->iFrameHeader = 0xFF;
	pstData->sDataLen = iDataLen;
	pstData->iFrameTail = 0xAA;

	return pstChar;
}

void CSmart::SetsharedFrame(std::shared_ptr<char> pcData)
{
	if (nullptr != pcData.get())
	{
		PST_DATA pstData = (PST_DATA)(pcData.get());

		pstData->iFrameHeader =