LVGL (7) 显示对接

目录

LVGL 显示缓冲区

LVGL 显示驱动

小结

lv_disp_drv_register 分析

lv_disp_drv_init 分析

lv_disp_drv_register 分析

注意

---

LVGL 是 GUI 的图形绘制库，既然是图形绘制，那么就需要考虑 2 点：

1. 开辟绘制的 buffer；
2. 对接底层实际绘制到屏幕的驱动；

LVGL 显示缓冲区

在 LVGL v8 上，用于绘制的 buffer，使用 lv_disp_draw_buf_t 结构体进行描述：

/**
 * Structure for holding display buffer information.
 */
typedef struct _lv_disp_draw_buf_t {
    void * buf1; /**< First display buffer.*/
    void * buf2; /**< Second display buffer.*/

    /*Internal, used by the library*/
    void * buf_act;
    uint32_t size; /*In pixel count*/
    /*1: flushing is in progress. (It can't be a bit field because when it's cleared from IRQ Read-Modify-Write issue might occur)*/
    volatile int flushing;
    /*1: It was the last chunk to flush. (It can't be a bit field because when it's cleared from IRQ Read-Modify-Write issue might occur)*/
    volatile int flushing_last;
    volatile uint32_t last_area         : 1; /*1: the last area is being rendered*/
    volatile uint32_t last_part         : 1; /*1: the last part of the current area is being rendered*/
} lv_disp_draw_buf_t;

绘制缓冲区是 LVGL 用来渲染屏幕内容的简单数组。 一旦渲染准备就绪，绘制缓冲区的内容将使用显示驱动程序中设置的 flush_cb 函数发送到显示器；

在 lv_port_disp.c 文件中 (xxx_port_xxx 这种文件，都是需要根据实际的芯片、板卡、和外设来进行移植)，有一个函数 lv_port_disp_init；用于初始化显示相关的内容，可以在里面进行绘制缓冲区的配置：

void lv_port_disp_init(void)
{
    /*-------------------------
     * Initialize your display
     * -----------------------*/
    disp_init();

    /*-----------------------------
     * Create a buffer for drawing
     *----------------------------*/

    /**
     * LVGL requires a buffer where it internally draws the widgets.
     * Later this buffer will passed to your display driver's `flush_cb` to copy its content to your display.
     * The buffer has to be greater than 1 display row
     *
     * There are 3 buffering configurations:
     * 1. Create ONE buffer:
     *      LVGL will draw the display's content here and writes it to your display
     *
     * 2. Create TWO buffer:
     *      LVGL will draw the display's content to a buffer and writes it your display.
     *      You should use DMA to write the buffer's content to the display.
     *      It will enable LVGL to draw the next part of the screen to the other buffer while
     *      the data is being sent form the first buffer. It makes rendering and flushing parallel.
     *
     * 3. Double buffering
     *      Set 2 screens sized buffers and set disp_drv.full_refresh = 1.
     *      This way LVGL will always provide the whole rendered screen in `flush_cb`
     *      and you only need to change the frame buffer's address.
     */

    /* Example for 1) */
    static lv_disp_draw_buf_t draw_buf_dsc_1;
    static lv_color_t buf_1[MY_DISP_HOR_RES * 10];                          /*A buffer for 10 rows*/
    lv_disp_draw_buf_init(&draw_buf_dsc_1, buf_1, NULL, MY_DISP_HOR_RES * 10);   /*Initialize the display buffer*/

//    /* Example for 2) */
//    static lv_disp_draw_buf_t draw_buf_dsc_2;
//    static lv_color_t buf_2_1[MY_DISP_HOR_RES * 10];                        /*A buffer for 10 rows*/
//    static lv_color_t buf_2_2[MY_DISP_HOR_RES * 10];                        /*An other buffer for 10 rows*/
//    lv_disp_draw_buf_init(&draw_buf_dsc_2, buf_2_1, buf_2_2, MY_DISP_HOR_RES * 10);   /*Initialize the display buffer*/

//    /* Example for 3) also set disp_drv.full_refresh = 1 below*/
//    static lv_disp_draw_buf_t draw_buf_dsc_3;
//    static lv_color_t buf_3_1[MY_DISP_HOR_RES * MY_DISP_VER_RES];            /*A screen sized buffer*/
//    static lv_color_t buf_3_2[MY_DISP_HOR_RES * MY_DISP_VER_RES];            /*Another screen sized buffer*/
//    lv_disp_draw_buf_init(&draw_buf_dsc_3, buf_3_1, buf_3_2, MY_DISP_VER_RES * LV_VER_RES_MAX);   /*Initialize the display buffer*/

............
}

代码中可以看到，有 3 种配置，这里选了第 1 种，配置的绘图缓冲区为：MY_DISP_HOR_RES * 10；也就是 10 行数据；

个 lv_port_disp_init 函数，是 LVGL 在初始化的时候，需要显式调用的；

注意，这里的 lv_disp_draw_buf_t ，是 static 的，也就是说它是静态的，全局的变量，不能也不要被销毁；

绘制缓冲区可以小于屏幕。在这种情况下，较大的区域将被重新绘制为适合绘制缓冲区的较小部分。 如果只有一个小区域发生变化（例如按下按钮），则只会刷新该区域。

更大的缓冲区会导致更好的性能，但超过 1/10 屏幕大小的缓冲区没有显着的性能改进。 因此，建议选择绘制缓冲区的大小至少为屏幕大小的 1/10。

如果只使用一个缓冲区，LVGL 将屏幕内容绘制到该绘制缓冲区中并将其发送到显示器。 这样 LVGL 需要等到缓冲区的内容发送到显示器，然后再在其中绘制新内容。

如果使用两个缓冲区，LVGL 可以绘制到一个缓冲区中，而另一个缓冲区的内容被发送到后台显示。 应使用 DMA 或其他硬件将数据传输到显示器，让 MCU 同时绘制。 这样，显示的渲染和刷新变得并行。

LVGL 显示驱动

LVGL 使用 lv_disp_drv_t 来表示一个显示驱动，它的定义如下：

/**
 * Display Driver structure to be registered by HAL.
 * Only its pointer will be saved in `lv_disp_t` so it should be declared as
 * `static lv_disp_drv_t my_drv` or allocated dynamically.
 */
typedef struct _lv_disp_drv_t {

    lv_coord_t hor_res;         /**< Horizontal resolution.*/
    lv_coord_t ver_res;         /**< Vertical resolution.*/

    lv_coord_t
    physical_hor_res;     /**< Horizontal resolution of the full / physical display. Set to -1 for fullscreen mode.*/
    lv_coord_t
    physical_ver_res;     /**< Vertical resolution of the full / physical display. Set to -1 for fullscreen mode.*/
    lv_coord_t
    offset_x;             /**< Horizontal offset from the full / physical display. Set to 0 for fullscreen mode.*/
    lv_coord_t offset_y;             /**< Vertical offset from the full / physical display. Set to 0 for fullscreen mode.*/

    /** Pointer to a buffer initialized with `lv_disp_draw_buf_init()`.
     * LVGL will use this buffer(s) to draw the screens contents*/
    lv_disp_draw_buf_t * draw_buf;

    uint32_t direct_mode : 1;        /**< 1: Use screen-sized buffers and draw to absolute coordinates*/
    uint32_t full_refresh : 1;       /**< 1: Always make the whole screen redrawn*/
    uint32_t sw_rotate : 1;          /**< 1: use software rotation (slower)*/
    uint32_t antialiasing : 1;       /**< 1: anti-aliasing is enabled on this display.*/
    uint32_t rotated : 2;            /**< 1: turn the display by 90 degree. @warning Does not update coordinates for you!*/
    uint32_t screen_transp : 1;      /**Handle if the screen doesn't have a solid (opa == LV_OPA_COVER) background.
                                       * Use only if required because it's slower.*/

    uint32_t dpi : 10;              /** DPI (dot per inch) of the display. Default value is `LV_DPI_DEF`.*/

    /** MANDATORY: Write the internal buffer (draw_buf) to the display. 'lv_disp_flush_ready()' has to be
     * called when finished*/
    void (*flush_cb)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, const lv_area_t * area, lv_color_t * color_p);

    /** OPTIONAL: Extend the invalidated areas to match with the display drivers requirements
     * E.g. round `y` to, 8, 16 ..) on a monochrome display*/
    void (*rounder_cb)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, lv_area_t * area);

    /** OPTIONAL: Set a pixel in a buffer according to the special requirements of the display
     * Can be used for color format not supported in LittelvGL. E.g. 2 bit -> 4 gray scales
     * @note Much slower then drawing with supported color formats.*/
    void (*set_px_cb)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, uint8_t * buf, lv_coord_t buf_w, lv_coord_t x, lv_coord_t y,
                      lv_color_t color, lv_opa_t opa);

    void (*clear_cb)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, uint8_t * buf, uint32_t size);


    /** OPTIONAL: Called after every refresh cycle to tell the rendering and flushing time + the
     * number of flushed pixels*/
    void (*monitor_cb)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, uint32_t time, uint32_t px);

    /** OPTIONAL: Called periodically while lvgl waits for operation to be completed.
     * For example flushing or GPU
     * User can execute very simple tasks here or yield the task*/
    void (*wait_cb)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv);

    /** OPTIONAL: Called when lvgl needs any CPU cache that affects rendering to be cleaned*/
    void (*clean_dcache_cb)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv);

    /** OPTIONAL: called when driver parameters are updated */
    void (*drv_update_cb)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv);

    /** On CHROMA_KEYED images this color will be transparent.
     * `LV_COLOR_CHROMA_KEY` by default. (lv_conf.h)*/
    lv_color_t color_chroma_key;

    lv_draw_ctx_t * draw_ctx;
    void (*draw_ctx_init)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, lv_draw_ctx_t * draw_ctx);
    void (*draw_ctx_deinit)(struct _lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, lv_draw_ctx_t * draw_ctx);
    size_t draw_ctx_size;

#if LV_USE_USER_DATA
    void * user_data; /**< Custom display driver user data*/
#endif

} lv_disp_drv_t;

在 lv_port_disp_init 函数中，会调用 lv_disp_drv_init 函数，来进行显示驱动部分的初始化：

void lv_port_disp_init(void)
{
.........

    /*-----------------------------------
     * Register the display in LVGL
     *----------------------------------*/

    static lv_disp_drv_t disp_drv;                         /*Descriptor of a display driver*/
    lv_disp_drv_init(&disp_drv);                    /*Basic initialization*/

    /*Set up the functions to access to your display*/

    /*Set the resolution of the display*/
    /* NOTES : StephenZhou modified, to adapt ST7735S 128x128 Screen */
    disp_drv.hor_res = 128;
    disp_drv.ver_res = 128;

    /*Used to copy the buffer's content to the display*/
    disp_drv.flush_cb = disp_flush;

    /*Set a display buffer*/
    disp_drv.draw_buf = &draw_buf_dsc_1;

    /*Required for Example 3)*/
    //disp_drv.full_refresh = 1

    /* Fill a memory array with a color if you have GPU.
     * Note that, in lv_conf.h you can enable GPUs that has built-in support in LVGL.
     * But if you have a different GPU you can use with this callback.*/
    //disp_drv.gpu_fill_cb = gpu_fill;

    /*Finally register the driver*/
    lv_disp_drv_register(&disp_drv);
}

这里可以看到，定义了一个 disp_drv 的 driver，而且是静态的；传入到 lv_disp_drv_init 函数进行最基本的结构体初始化：

void lv_disp_drv_init(lv_disp_drv_t * driver)
{
    lv_memset_00(driver, sizeof(lv_disp_drv_t));

    driver->hor_res          = 320;
    driver->ver_res          = 240;
    driver->physical_hor_res = -1;
    driver->physical_ver_res = -1;
    driver->offset_x         = 0;
    driver->offset_y         = 0;
    driver->antialiasing     = LV_COLOR_DEPTH > 8 ? 1 : 0;
    driver->screen_transp    = LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP;
    driver->dpi              = LV_DPI_DEF;
    driver->color_chroma_key = LV_COLOR_CHROMA_KEY;


#if LV_USE_GPU_STM32_DMA2D
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_stm32_dma2d_ctx_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_stm32_dma2d_ctx_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_stm32_dma2d_ctx_t);
#elif LV_USE_GPU_NXP_PXP
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_nxp_pxp_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_nxp_pxp_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_nxp_pxp_t);
#elif LV_USE_GPU_NXP_VG_LITE
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_nxp_vglite_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_nxp_vglite_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_nxp_vglite_t);
#elif LV_USE_GPU_SDL
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_sdl_init_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_sdl_deinit_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_sdl_ctx_t);
#else
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_sw_init_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_sw_init_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_sw_ctx_t);
#endif

}

接着，在外部，显示的配置了 hor_res 和 ver_res（这里，我使用的屏是 128x128 的）；

接着配置了 disp_drv.flush_cb = disp_flush; 这个是用于对接到 platform 的刷新数据的函数，（这个函数需要自行实现）；

然后再将前面初始化完成的 draw_buf 挂接到 display 上：disp_drv.draw_buf = &draw_buf_dsc_1;

最后调用 lv_disp_drv_register，来将初始化完毕的 display driver 注册给 LVGL；

这里需要注意的是，disp_drv.flush_cb = disp_flush; 函数的移植，是需要我们自行根据屏来实现的：

static void disp_flush(lv_disp_drv_t * disp_drv, const lv_area_t * area, lv_color_t * color_p)
{
    /*The most simple case (but also the slowest) to put all pixels to the screen one-by-one*/

    int32_t x;
    int32_t y;
    for(y = area->y1; y <= area->y2; y++) {
        for(x = area->x1; x <= area->x2; x++) {
            /*Put a pixel to the display. For example:*/
            /*put_px(x, y, *color_p)*/
            LCD_DrawPoint(x, y, color_p->full);
            color_p++;
        }
    }

//    LCD_Fill(area->x1, area->y1, area->x2, area->y2, *((uint16_t *)color_p));

    /*IMPORTANT!!!
     *Inform the graphics library that you are ready with the flushing*/
    lv_disp_flush_ready(disp_drv);
}

这里的 LCD_DrawPoint 就是自行实现的，这里使用 STM32 + ST7735S(SPI方式驱屏)，所以这里的 LCD_DrawPoint 是对接的这部分驱动实现：

void LCD_DrawPoint(u16 x,u16 y,u16 color)
{
    LCD_Address_Set(x,y,x,y);//设置光标位置
    LCD_WriteData_16Bit(color);
}

小结

应用层调用 lv_init，在调用 lv_port_disp_init 函数，来完成 LVGL 的初始化动作：

application

|-------> lv_init()

|-------> lv_port_disp_init()

|------------------> lv_disp_draw_buf_init() 配置绘制 buffer；

|------------------> lv_disp_drv_init() 配置底层驱动，挂接绘制函数 flush_cb；

|-------------------------------> lv_disp_drv_register() 注册驱动；

lv_disp_drv_register 分析

lv_disp_drv_init 分析

要说 lv_disp_drv_register，那么就要先说在他之前调用的 lv_disp_drv_init：

void lv_disp_drv_init(lv_disp_drv_t * driver)
{
    lv_memset_00(driver, sizeof(lv_disp_drv_t));

    driver->hor_res          = 320;
    driver->ver_res          = 240;
    driver->physical_hor_res = -1;
    driver->physical_ver_res = -1;
    driver->offset_x         = 0;
    driver->offset_y         = 0;
    driver->antialiasing     = LV_COLOR_DEPTH > 8 ? 1 : 0;
    driver->screen_transp    = LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP;
    driver->dpi              = LV_DPI_DEF;
    driver->color_chroma_key = LV_COLOR_CHROMA_KEY;


#if LV_USE_GPU_STM32_DMA2D
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_stm32_dma2d_ctx_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_stm32_dma2d_ctx_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_stm32_dma2d_ctx_t);
#elif LV_USE_GPU_NXP_PXP
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_nxp_pxp_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_nxp_pxp_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_nxp_pxp_t);
#elif LV_USE_GPU_NXP_VG_LITE
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_nxp_vglite_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_nxp_vglite_init;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_nxp_vglite_t);
#elif LV_USE_GPU_SDL
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_sdl_init_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_sdl_deinit_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_sdl_ctx_t);
#else
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_sw_init_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_sw_init_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_sw_ctx_t);
#endif

}

初始化了一些关键的结构，这里，关系最后几个：

• draw_ctx_init；
• draw_ctx_deini；
• draw_ctx_size；

我们没定义 STM32_DMA2D 以及其他的，所以默认就走了最后一个，也就是纯软件的 draw context；

void lv_disp_drv_init(lv_disp_drv_t * driver)
{
......
    driver->draw_ctx_init = lv_draw_sw_init_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_deinit = lv_draw_sw_init_ctx;
    driver->draw_ctx_size = sizeof(lv_draw_sw_ctx_t);
......

}

OK，看起来只有这个 lv_draw_sw_init_ctx，这个，记住他；

lv_disp_drv_register 分析

lv_disp_t * lv_disp_drv_register(lv_disp_drv_t * driver)
{
    // 首先生成一个 _lv_dis_ll 链表的头，disp
    lv_disp_t * disp = _lv_ll_ins_head(&LV_GC_ROOT(_lv_disp_ll));
    if(!disp) {
        LV_ASSERT_MALLOC(disp);
        return NULL;
    }

    /*Create a draw context if not created yet*/
    // 这里没有指定 draw_ctx
    if(driver->draw_ctx == NULL) {
        // 分配一个 draw_ctx
        lv_draw_ctx_t * draw_ctx = lv_mem_alloc(driver->draw_ctx_size);
        LV_ASSERT_MALLOC(draw_ctx);
        if(draw_ctx == NULL) return NULL;
        // 调用 draw_ctx_init，也就是 lv_disp_drv_init 函数挂接的 lv_draw_sw_init_ctx
        driver->draw_ctx_init(driver, draw_ctx);
        // 将 draw_ctx 挂接到 drvier->draw_ctx
        driver->draw_ctx = draw_ctx;
    }

    lv_memset_00(disp, sizeof(lv_disp_t));
    
// 将 driver 挂接到 disp->drvier
    disp->driver = driver;
    
    // 至此
 disp 结构，已经包含的几乎所有的 port 相关的操作；
    // 包含 flush_cb 即，直接绘制到屏的驱动，和平台相关；
    // 包含绘制相关的接口，在 draw_ctx 中；
    
    // 赋值给全局变量 disp_def
    lv_disp_t * disp_def_tmp = disp_def;
    disp_def                 = disp; /*Temporarily change the default screen to create the default screens on the
                                        new display*/
    /*Create a refresh timer*/
     // 创建一个用于 refresh 的 lv_timer，使用默认的 LV_DISP_DEF_REFR_PERIOD=30ms 为周期，lv_timer 的回调函数为 _lv_disp_refr_timer

    disp->refr_timer = lv_timer_create(_lv_disp_refr_timer, LV_DISP_DEF_REFR_PERIOD, disp);
    LV_ASSERT_MALLOC(disp->refr_timer);
    if(disp->refr_timer == NULL) {
        lv_mem_free(disp);
        return NULL;
    }
    // 判断分配的 buffer 是否可以支持全刷新模式

    if(driver->full_refresh && driver->draw_buf->size < (uint32_t)driver->hor_res * driver->ver_res) {
        driver->full_refresh = 0;
        LV_LOG_WARN("full_refresh requires at least screen sized draw buffer(s)");
    }
    // 设置背景颜色为白色

    disp->bg_color = lv_color_white();
    // 设置不透明度
#if LV_COLOR_SCREEN_TRANSP
    disp->bg_opa = LV_OPA_TRANSP;
#else
    disp->bg_opa = LV_OPA_COVER;
#endif

#if LV_USE_THEME_DEFAULT
    //
 设置 theme
    if(lv_theme_default_is_inited() == false) {
        disp->theme = lv_theme_default_init(disp, lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_BLUE), lv_palette_main(LV_PALETTE_RED),
                                            LV_THEME_DEFAULT_DARK, LV_FONT_DEFAULT);
    }
    else {
        disp->theme = lv_theme_default_get();
    }
#endif

    //
 创建系统的 3 个 screen

    disp->act_scr   = lv_obj_create(NULL); /*Create a default screen on the display*/
    disp->top_layer = lv_obj_create(NULL); /*Create top layer on the display*/
    disp->sys_layer = lv_obj_create(NULL); /*Create sys layer on the display*/
    lv_obj_remove_style_all(disp->top_layer);
    lv_obj_remove_style_all(disp->sys_layer);
    lv_obj_clear_flag(disp->top_layer, LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICKABLE);
    lv_obj_clear_flag(disp->sys_layer, LV_OBJ_FLAG_CLICKABLE);

    lv_obj_set_scrollbar_mode(disp->top_layer, LV_SCROLLBAR_MODE_OFF);
    lv_obj_set_scrollbar_mode(disp->sys_layer, LV_SCROLLBAR_MODE_OFF);

    lv_obj_invalidate(disp->act_scr);

    disp_def = disp_def_tmp; /*Revert the default display*/
    if(disp_def == NULL) disp_def = disp; /*Initialize the default display*/

    lv_timer_ready(disp->refr_timer); /*Be sure the screen will be refreshed immediately on start up*/

    return disp;
}

lv_draw_sw_init_ctx 函数实现，其中包含了绘制 rect，line ，background 等等；

void lv_draw_sw_init_ctx(lv_disp_drv_t * drv, lv_draw_ctx_t * draw_ctx)
{
    LV_UNUSED(drv);

    lv_draw_sw_ctx_t * draw_sw_ctx = (lv_draw_sw_ctx_t *) draw_ctx;
    lv_memset_00(draw_sw_ctx, sizeof(lv_draw_sw_ctx_t));

    draw_sw_ctx->base_draw.draw_arc = lv_draw_sw_arc;
    draw_sw_ctx->base_draw.draw_rect = lv_draw_sw_rect;
    draw_sw_ctx->base_draw.draw_bg = lv_draw_sw_bg;
    draw_sw_ctx->base_draw.draw_letter = lv_draw_sw_letter;
    draw_sw_ctx->base_draw.draw_img_decoded = lv_draw_sw_img_decoded;
    draw_sw_ctx->base_draw.draw_line = lv_draw_sw_line;
    draw_sw_ctx->base_draw.draw_polygon = lv_draw_sw_polygon;
    draw_sw_ctx->base_draw.wait_for_finish = lv_draw_sw_wait_for_finish;
    draw_sw_ctx->blend = lv_draw_sw_blend_basic;
}

相关结构体和函数的关系如下所示：

如图所示， lv_disp_t 结构几乎包含了所有和显示相关的内容(直接或者间接的)，包括 draw_buffer，flush_cb，绘制接口，refresh timer，和 LVGL 的几层基本 Layer；

注意

适配 lv_disp_drv_t 的时候，有些必须要指定的结构：

• 指向初始化的 lv_disp_draw_buf_t 变量的 draw_buf 指针；
• hor_res 显示器的水平分辨率（以像素为单位）
• ver_res 显示器的垂直分辨率（以像素为单位）
• flush_cb 一个回调函数，用于将缓冲区的内容复制到显示器的特定区域

lv_disp_flush_ready(&disp_drv) 需要在刷新准备好时调用。 LVGL 可能会以多个块呈现屏幕，因此多次调用 flush_cb。要查看当前是否是渲染的最后一个块，请使用 lv_disp_flush_is_last(&disp_drv)。

一些其他可选的回调，使处理单色、灰度或其他非标准 RGB 显示器更容易、更优化：

• rounder_cb 四舍五入要重绘的区域的坐标。例如。 2x2 px 可以转换为 2x8。 如果显示控制器只能刷新具有特定高度或宽度的区域（单色显示器通常为 8 像素高度），则可以使用它。
• set_px_cb 一个自定义函数来写入绘制缓冲区。如果显示器具有特殊的颜色格式，它可用于将像素更紧凑地存储在绘图缓冲区中。 （例如 1 位单色、2 位灰度等） 这样，lv_disp_draw_buf_t 中使用的缓冲区可以更小，以仅容纳给定区域大小所需的位数。请注意，使用set_px_cb 渲染比普通渲染慢。
• monitor_cb 一个回调函数，告诉我们在多长时间内刷新了多少像素。当最后一个块被渲染并发送到显示器时调用。
• clean_dcache_cb 用于清理与显示相关的任何缓存的回调。