hibernate之HQL

1. 什么是hql

HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写

2. hql和sql区别/异同

HQL	SQL
类名/属性	表名/列名
区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写	不区分大小写
别名	别名
?，从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持)	?，从顺序1开始计算位置
:命名参数	:命名参数
面向对象的查询语言	面向结构查询语言

3.Hql语句的特性（4种返回值）

package com.ztb.five.test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.ztb.four.entity.Book;
import com.ztb.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;



public class HqlTest {
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void after() {
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回对象（多个）
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList1() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 返回单个列段，用字符串就可以接收
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<String> list = query.list();
		for (String b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 查两个列段及以上，默认返回的是Object【】
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList3() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 注意map是函数，所以不区分大小写，返回的是map集合
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList4() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
		List<Map> list = query.list();
		for (Map b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

4. hql中使用占位符

/**
	 * HQL语句支持占位符
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList6() {
//		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
//		query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
//		Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
//		System.out.println(b);
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
//		query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
		List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
		params.add(1);
		params.add(2);
		params.add(4);
		query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

5.连接查询

/**
	 * HQL支持连接查询
	 * select*from t_hibernate_order o,t_hibernate_order_item oi where o.orderid =oi.oid and o.orderid=2
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList7() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
		List<Object[]> list = query.list();
		for (Object[] b : list) {
			System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
		}
	}
	

6. 聚合函数

/**
	 * HQL支持聚合函数
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList8() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
		Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
		System.out.println(singleResult);
	}

7. hql分页

/**
	 * HQL分页
	 */
	@Test
	public void testList9() {
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
		query.setFirstResult(2);
		query.setMaxResults(3);
		List<Book> list = query.list();
		for (Book b : list) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}

工具类：

StringUtils

package com.ztb.five.util;

public class StringUtils {
	// 私有的构造方法，保护此类不能在外部实例化
	private StringUtils() {
	}

	/**
	 * 如果字符串等于null或去空格后等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isBlank(String s) {
		boolean b = false;
		if (null == s || s.trim().equals("")) {
			b = true;
		}
		return b;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 如果字符串不等于null或去空格后不等于""，则返回true，否则返回false
	 * 
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isNotBlank(String s) {
		return !isBlank(s);
	}

}

PageBean：

package com.ztb.five.util;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * 分页工具类
 *
 */
public class PageBean {

	private int page = 1;// 页码

	private int rows = 3;// 页大小

	private int total = 0;// 总记录数

	private boolean pagination = true;// 是否分页
	// 获取前台向后台提交的所有参数
	private Map<String, String[]> parameterMap;
	// 获取上一次访问后台的url
	private String url;

	/**
	 * 初始化pagebean
	 * 
	 * @param req
	 */
	public void setRequest(HttpServletRequest req) {
		this.setPage(req.getParameter("page"));
		this.setRows(req.getParameter("rows"));
		// 只有jsp页面上填写pagination=false才是不分页
		this.setPagination(!"fasle".equals(req.getParameter("pagination")));
		this.setParameterMap(req.getParameterMap());
		this.setUrl(req.getRequestURL().toString());
	}

	public int getMaxPage() {
		return this.total % this.rows == 0 ? this.total / this.rows : this.total / this.rows + 1;
	}

	public int nextPage() {
		return this.page < this.getMaxPage() ? this.page + 1 : this.getMaxPage();
	}

	public int previousPage() {
		return this.page > 1 ? this.page - 1 : 1;
	}

	public PageBean() {
		super();
	}

	public int getPage() {
		return page;
	}

	public void setPage(int page) {
		this.page = page;
	}

	public void setPage(String page) {
		this.page = StringUtils.isBlank(page) ? this.page : Integer.valueOf(page);
	}

	public int getRows() {
		return rows;
	}

	public void setRows(int rows) {
		this.rows = rows;
	}

	public void setRows(String rows) {
		this.rows = StringUtils.isBlank(rows) ? this.rows : Integer.valueOf(rows);
	}

	public int getTotal() {
		return total;
	}

	public void setTotal(int total) {
		this.total = total;
	}

	public void setTotal(String total) {
		this.total = Integer.parseInt(total);
	}

	public boolean isPagination() {
		return pagination;
	}

	public void setPagination(boolean pagination) {
		this.pagination = pagination;
	}

	public Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap() {
		return parameterMap;
	}

	public void setParameterMap(Map<String, String[]> parameterMap) {
		this.parameterMap = parameterMap;
	}

	public String getUrl() {
		return url;
	}

	public void setUrl(String url) {
		this.url = url;
	}

	/**
	 * 获得起始记录的下标
	 * 
	 * @return
	 */
	public int getStartIndex() {
		return (this.page - 1) * this.rows;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "PageBean [page=" + page + ", rows=" + rows + ", total=" + total + ", pagination=" + pagination
				+ ", parameterMap=" + parameterMap + ", url=" + url + "]";
	}

}

8.HQL之通用分页查询

package com.ztb.four.dao;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.hibernate.Hibernate;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;

import com.ztb.five.util.BaseDao;
import com.ztb.five.util.PageBean;
import com.ztb.five.util.StringUtils;
import com.ztb.four.entity.Book;
import com.ztb.four.entity.Category;
import com.ztb.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;

public class BookDao extends BaseDao{
	public Integer addBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer bid = (Integer) session.save(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return bid;
	}
	
	public Integer addCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Integer cid = (Integer) session.save(category);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return cid;
	}
	
	public Category getCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return c;
	}
	
	public Book getBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Book b = session.get(Book.class, book.getBookId());
		if (b != null && new Integer(1).equals(book.getInitCategories())) {
			Hibernate.initialize(b.getCategories());
		}
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return b;
	}
	
	public void delBook(Book book) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		session.delete(book);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	
	public void delCategory(Category category) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		Category c = session.get(Category.class, category.getCategoryId());
		if(c!=null) {
			for (Book b : c.getBooks()) {
//				通过在被控方通过主控方来解除关联关系，最后被控方再做删除
				b.getCategories().remove(c);
			}
		}
		session.delete(c);
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
	}
	/***************************通用查询***************************/
	
	
	public List<Book> list1(Book book,PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
		//下面代码处理的是book实体类的条件查询
		String bookName= book.getBookName();
		
		//sql语句where后面可以直接写true，而hql不能出现true
		String hql= "from Book where 1=1";
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql +=" and bookName like :bookName";
		}
		Query query=session.createQuery(hql);
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			query.setParameter("bookName",bookName);
		}
		
		//处理的是分页
		if(pageBean !=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
			 query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			 query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
		}
		 List list = query.list();
		 
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	
	
	
}

	public List<Book> list2(Book book, PageBean pageBean) {
		Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		
//		下面的代码处理的是book实体类的条件查询
		String bookName = book.getBookName();
		Map<String , Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
//		sql语句where后面可以直接写true，而hql语句不能出现true
		String hql = "from Book where 1=1";
		if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
			hql += " and bookName like :bookName";
			map.put("bookName", bookName);
		}
	    List list = super.executeQuery(session, hql, map, pageBean);
	    
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		return list;
	}
}

BaseDao

package com.ztb.five.util;

import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;



/**
 * hibernate的通用查询Dao层
 * 
 * 思想完全借鉴于sql的BaseDao
 *   sql = select * from t_mvc_book where bname like '%圣墟%'
 *   countSql = select count(1) from (sql) t;
 *   pageSql = sql limit start,offset 
 *   
 *   hql:
 *   hql = select * from Book where bookName like :bookName
 *   hql = from Book where bookName like :bookName
 *   思想：将原生的hql语句以from关键字进行截取
 *   countHql = select count(*) from Book where bookName like :bookName
 *   pageHql不需要写，因为hibernate已经封装了内置的分页接口
 *      getFirstResult
 *      getMaxResult
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class BaseDao {

	/**
	 * 给hibernate中Query对象中的命名参数列表赋值
	 * @param query
	 * @param map
	 */
	private void setParam(Query query,Map<String, Object> map) {
		if(map != null && map.size()>0) {
			Set<Entry<String,Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
			for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
				Object value = entry.getValue();
				if(value instanceof Collection)
					query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Collection)value);
				else if(value instanceof Object[]) 
					query.setParameterList(entry.getKey(), (Object[])value);
				else
				query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value);
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * hql = select * from Book where bookName like :bookName
     * hql = from Book where bookName like :bookName
     * 思想：将原生的hql语句以from关键字进行截取
     * countHql = select count(*) from Book where bookName like :bookName
	 * @param hql
	 * @return
	 */
	public String getCountHql(String hql) {
		return "select count(*) " + hql.substring(hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM"));
	}
	
	/**
	 * 通用hql语句查询
	 * @param session   当前会话
	 * @param hql       带命名参数的hql语句
	 * @param map       命名参数对应的值的集合
	 * @param pageBean  分页实体类
	 * @return
	 */
	public List executeQuery(Session session , String hql,Map<String, Object> map, PageBean pageBean) {
		List list = null;
		Query query = null;
		if(pageBean != null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
			String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
			Query countQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
			this.setParam(countQuery, map);
			pageBean.setTotal(countQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
			
			query = session.createQuery(hql);
			this.setParam(query, map);
			query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
			query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
			list = query.list();
		}else {
			 query = session.createQuery(hql);
			 this.setParam(query, map);
			 list = query.list();
		}
		return list;
		
	}
}

BookDaoTest测试：

package com.ztb.four.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;

import com.ztb.five.util.PageBean;
import com.ztb.four.entity.Book;
import com.ztb.four.entity.Category;

public class BookDaoTest {
	private BookDao bookDao = new BookDao();

	@Test
	public void testGetBook() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookId(8);
		book.setInitCategories(1);
		Book b = this.bookDao.getBook(book );
		System.out.println(b.getBookName());
		System.out.println(b.getCategories());
	}
	
	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=fasle
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 数据添加正常
	 * 书籍表、桥接表各新增一条数据
	 */
	@Test
	public void test1() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("T226");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
//		直接将category对象加入到新建的book中是错误的，因为此时的category是临时态的，hibernate是不会管理的
//		book.getCategories().add(category);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
	}

	/**
	 * book.hbm.xml	inverse=true
	 * category.hbm.xml inverse=true
	 * 只增加书籍表数据
	 * 桥接表不加数据
	 * 原因：双方都没有去维护关系
	 */
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("c");
		book.setPrice(10f);
		Category category = new Category();
		category.setCategoryId(5);
		Category c = this.bookDao.getCategory(category);
		
		book.getCategories().add(c);
		this.bookDao.addBook(book);
//		c.getBooks().add(book);
	}
	
//	@Test
//	public void testList1() {
//		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("T226");
//		PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
//		pageBean.setPage(2);
//		List<Book> list1 = this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean);
//		for (Book b : list1) {
//			System.out.println(b);
//		}
//	}
	
	@Test
	public void testList2() {
		Book book = new Book();
		book.setBookName("T226");
		PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
//		pageBean.setPage(2);
		List<Book> list1 = this.bookDao.list2(book, pageBean);
		for (Book b : list1) {
			System.out.println(b);
		}
	}
}