String用法详解(equal源码 ==和equal的解释、字面赋值和new赋值效率、重写了hashcode的方法解释)

String  a = “abc”；//在字符串池中找abc，如果有，就直接返回地址，如果没有就加值abc然后再返回地址（此方式的值是存放在字符串池中）

String  b =  “abc”；

String  c  =   new String("abc");//在字符串池中找abc，如果有，就不管，如果没有就在对象池中加个abc，然后在堆中建一个对象abc，返回地址（此方式值存放在堆中的）

String  d  =   new String("abc");

 

a ==b    true

a.equal(b)   true

 

b==c     false;

b.equal(c)   true;

 

c==d  false;

c.equal(d)  true;

 

equals方法说明

如果是String对象就调用string的equals，就比较他的值

如果是其他对象，默认调用Object的equals，比较是不是同一个引用和==相同，

如果是其他对象，而且自己实现了equals方式，就按照他自己的equals对象的比较方式。

 

 

 

Object equal方法的源代码

public boolean equals(Object obj) {

         return (this == obj);// 判断调用对象和传入对象的地址是不是一样的

}

 

 

Stirng 的 equal 方法的源代码

public boolean equals(Object anObject) {

         // 自己跟自己比

if (this == anObject) {

             return true;

         }

         if (anObject instanceof String) {// 判断是 String 的实例

             String anotherString = (String)anObject;// 强制转化 , 以防父类用子类的方法用不到

             // 一个字符一个字符的比较

             int n = count;

             if (n == anotherString.count) {

                   char v1[] = value;

                   char v2[] = anotherString.value;

                   int i = offset;

                   int j = anotherString.offset;

                   while (n-- != 0) {

                       if (v1[i++] != v2[j++])

                            return false;

                   }

                   return true;

             }

         }

         return false;

     }

 

 

java String 的字面赋值方式 




public String intern()


Returns a canonical (标准)representation for the string object. 


A pool of strings, 

initially empty, is maintained(维护) privately by the class String. 


When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a string equal to this String object as determined(决定) by the equals(Object) method, then the string from the pool is returned. Otherwise, this String object is added to the pool and a reference to this String object is returned. 


It follows that for any two strings s and t, s.intern() == t.intern() is true if and only if s.equals(t) is true. 


All literal(字面) strings and string-valued constant expressions are interned. String literals are defined in §3.10.5 of the Java Language Specification 




Returns:


a string that has the same contents as this string, but is guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.





Lexical Structure >Literals >String Literals


The Java Language Specification  (所有虚拟机都必须要实现的东西)







字符串池里面是不会丢的, 而堆里面是会被回收的,使用字面建string效率会高.






string的hashcode的源码


/**

     * Returns a hash code for this string. The hash code for a

     * <code>String</code> object is computed as

     * <blockquote><pre>

     * s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]

     * </pre></blockquote>

     * using <code>int</code> arithmetic, where <code>s[i]</code> is the

     * <i>i</i>th character of the string, <code>n</code> is the length of

     * the string, and <code>^</code> indicates exponentiation.

     * (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)

     *

     * @return  a hash code value for this object.

     */

    //就是按s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]公式来生成int序列


    public int hashCode() {

	int h = hash;

	if (h == 0) {

	    int off = offset;

	    char val[] = value;

	    int len = count;



            for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {

                h = 31*h + val[off++];

            }

            hash = h;

        }

        return h;

    }