String a = “abc”;//在字符串池中找abc,如果有,就直接返回地址,如果没有就加值abc然后再返回地址(此方式的值是存放在字符串池中)
String b = “abc”;
String c = new String("abc");//在字符串池中找abc,如果有,就不管,如果没有就在对象池中加个abc,然后在堆中建一个对象abc,返回地址(此方式值存放在堆中的)
String d = new String("abc");
a ==b true
a.equal(b) true
b==c false;
b.equal(c) true;
c==d false;
c.equal(d) true;
equals方法说明
如果是String对象就调用string的equals,就比较他的值
如果是其他对象,默认调用Object的equals,比较是不是同一个引用和==相同,
如果是其他对象,而且自己实现了equals方式,就按照他自己的equals对象的比较方式。
Object equal方法的源代码
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (this == obj);// 判断调用对象和传入对象的地址是不是一样的
}
Stirng 的 equal 方法的源代码
public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
// 自己跟自己比
if (this == anObject) {
return true;
}
if (anObject instanceof String) {// 判断是 String 的实例
String anotherString = (String)anObject;// 强制转化 , 以防父类用子类的方法用不到
// 一个字符一个字符的比较
int n = count;
if (n == anotherString.count) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int i = offset;
int j = anotherString.offset;
while (n-- != 0) {
if (v1[i++] != v2[j++])
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
java String 的字面赋值方式
public String intern()
Returns a canonical (标准)representation for the string object.
A pool of strings, initially empty, is maintained(维护) privately by the class String.
When the intern method is invoked, if the pool already contains a string equal to this String object as determined(决定) by the equals(Object) method, then the string from the pool is returned. Otherwise, this String object is added to the pool and a reference to this String object is returned.
It follows that for any two strings s and t, s.intern() == t.intern() is true if and only if s.equals(t) is true.
All literal(字面) strings and string-valued constant expressions are interned. String literals are defined in §3.10.5 of the Java Language Specification
Returns:
a string that has the same contents as this string, but is guaranteed to be from a pool of unique strings.
Lexical Structure >Literals >String Literals
The Java Language Specification (所有虚拟机都必须要实现的东西)
字符串池里面是不会丢的, 而堆里面是会被回收的,使用字面建string效率会高.
string的hashcode的源码
/**
* Returns a hash code for this string. The hash code for a
* <code>String</code> object is computed as
* <blockquote><pre>
* s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]
* </pre></blockquote>
* using <code>int</code> arithmetic, where <code>s[i]</code> is the
* <i>i</i>th character of the string, <code>n</code> is the length of
* the string, and <code>^</code> indicates exponentiation.
* (The hash value of the empty string is zero.)
*
* @return a hash code value for this object.
*/
//就是按s[0]*31^(n-1) + s[1]*31^(n-2) + ... + s[n-1]公式来生成int序列
public int hashCode() {
int h = hash;
if (h == 0) {
int off = offset;
char val[] = value;
int len = count;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
h = 31*h + val[off++];
}
hash = h;
}
return h;
}