python边用边总结（九）python的inspect

所谓函数签名，就是所声明函数的形式，包括函数的返回值，参数个数，参数类型，调用方式等

python里面把函数看成对象，内置库inspect可以查看函数对象,今天记录以下inspect这个库，以便以后使用

https://docs.python.org/2/library/inspect.html

The inspect module provides several useful functions to help get information about live objects such as modules, classes, methods, functions, tracebacks, frame objects, and code objects. For example, it can help you examine the contents of a class, retrieve the source code of a method, extract and format the argument list for a function, or get all the information you need to display a detailed traceback.

inspect模块提供了几个有用的函数来帮助获取有关活动对象的信息，例如模块，类，方法，函数，回溯，框架对象和代码对象。 例如，它可以帮助您检查类的内容，检索方法的源代码，提取和格式化函数的参数列表，或获取显示详细回溯所需的所有信息。

There are four main kinds of services provided by this module: type checking, getting source code, inspecting classes and functions, and examining the interpreter stack.

inspect提供了四个类型的服务：类型检查，源码获取，类和函数监测，检查翻译栈

• Types and members

inspect能检查以下属性

Type	Attribute	Description
module	__doc__	documentation string
	__file__	filename (missing for built-in modules)
class	__doc__	documentation string
	__module__	name of module in which this class was defined
method	__doc__	documentation string
	__name__	name with which this method was defined
	im_class	class object that asked for this method
	im_func or __func__	function object containing implementation of method
	im_self or __self__	instance to which this method is bound, or None
function	__doc__	documentation string
	__name__	name with which this function was defined
	func_code	code object containing compiled function bytecode
	func_defaults	tuple of any default values for arguments
	func_doc	(same as __doc__)
	func_globals	global namespace in which this function was defined
	func_name	(same as __name__)
generator	__iter__	defined to support iteration over container
	close	raises new GeneratorExit exception inside the generator to terminate the iteration
	gi_code	code object
	gi_frame	frame object or possibly None once the generator has been exhausted
	gi_running	set to 1 when generator is executing, 0 otherwise
	next	return the next item from the container
	send	resumes the generator and “sends” a value that becomes the result of the current yield-expression
	throw	used to raise an exception inside the generator
traceback	tb_frame	frame object at this level
	tb_lasti	index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
	tb_lineno	current line number in Python source code
	tb_next	next inner traceback object (called by this level)
frame	f_back	next outer frame object (this frame’s caller)
	f_builtins	builtins namespace seen by this frame
	f_code	code object being executed in this frame
	f_exc_traceback	traceback if raised in this frame, or None
	f_exc_type	exception type if raised in this frame, or None
	f_exc_value	exception value if raised in this frame, or None
	f_globals	global namespace seen by this frame
	f_lasti	index of last attempted instruction in bytecode
	f_lineno	current line number in Python source code
	f_locals	local namespace seen by this frame
	f_restricted	0 or 1 if frame is in restricted execution mode
	f_trace	tracing function for this frame, or None
code	co_argcount	number of arguments (not including * or ** args)
	co_code	string of raw compiled bytecode
	co_consts	tuple of constants used in the bytecode
	co_filename	name of file in which this code object was created
	co_firstlineno	number of first line in Python source code
	co_flags	bitmap: 1=optimized | 2=newlocals | 4=*arg | 8=**arg
	co_lnotab	encoded mapping of line numbers to bytecode indices
	co_name	name with which this code object was defined
	co_names	tuple of names of local variables
	co_nlocals	number of local variables
	co_stacksize	virtual machine stack space required
	co_varnames	tuple of names of arguments and local variables
builtin	__doc__	documentation string
	__name__	original name of this function or method
	__self__	instance to which a method is bound, or None

getmembers(object[,predicate]):Return all teh members of an object in a list of (name,value) pairs sorted by name.

getmodule(moudle_name):

ismoudle(object):

ismethod(object):

isclass(object):

isfunction(object):

isgeneratorfunction(object):Return true if the object is a Python generator function

isframe(object):

iscode(object):

isbuiltin(object):Return true if the object is a built-in function or a bound built-in method.

isroutine(object):

isabstract(object):

• Retrieving source code

getdoc(object):Get the documentation string for an object, cleaned up with cleandoc().

getcomments(object):返回comments

getfile(object):返回对象所在文件

from inspect import *
import numpy as np

getfile(np)

# 输出的是numpy的文件路径

getmodule(object):

getsourcefile(object):

getsourcelines(object):

getsource(object):

cleandoc(doc):

• Classes and functions

getclasstree(classes[,unique])

getargspec(func):这个函数用处比较大，get the names and default values of a python function's arguments.A tuple of four things is returned:(args,varargs,keywords,defaults)

getargvalues(frame):

fromatargspec():

formatargvalues():

getmro(cls):Return a tuple of class cls's base classes,including cls,in method resolution order

getcallargs():

• The interpreter stack

这个还没完全理解，不瞎说