MySQL 中数据的检索（一：select 语句的基本用法）

首先创建要用到的数据表：
use zhrq95;
create table T_Employee
(
FNumber varchar(20),
FName varchar(20),
FAge int,
FSalary decimal(10,2),
primary key (FNumber)
);
insert into T_Employee(FNumber,FName,FAge,FSalary) values(‘DEV001′,’Tom’,25,8300);
insert into T_Employee(FNumber,FName,FAge,FSalary) values(‘DEV002′,’Jerry’,28,2300.80);
insert into T_Employee(FNumber,FName,FAge,FSalary) values(‘SALE001′,’John’,23,5000);
insert into T_Employee(FNumber,FName,FAge,FSalary) values(‘SALE002′,’Kerry’,28,6200);
insert into T_Employee(FNumber,FName,FAge,FSalary) values(‘SALE003′,’Stone’,22,1200);
insert into T_Employee(FNumber,FName,FAge,FSalary) values(‘HR001′,’Jane’,23,2200.88);
insert into T_Employee(FNumber,FName,FAge,FSalary) values(‘HR002′,’Tina’,25,5200.36);
insert into T_Employee(FNumber,FName,FAge,FSalary) values(‘HR003′,’Smith’,28,3900);

取出一张表中所有的数据（select *）：
select * from T_Employee

检索出需要的列：
select FNumber from T_Employee;
select FName,FAge from T_Employee

给列取别名（as）：
select FNumber as Number1, FName as Name, FAge as Age, FSalary as Salary from T_Employee;
select FNumber as 工号, FName as 姓名, FAge as 年龄, FSalary as 工资 from T_Employee

按条件过滤：
select FName from T_Employee where FSalary<5000; select * from T_Employee where FSalary<5000 or FAge>25

数据汇总（聚合函数）：
select max(FSalary) from T_Employee where FAge>25; #计算字段的最大值
select max(FSalary) as MAX_SALARY from T_Employee where FAge>25; #为聚合函数取别名
select avg(FAge) from T_Employee where FSalary>3800; #计算字段的平均值
select sum(FSalary) from T_Employee; #计算字段的合计值
select min(FSalary),max(FSalary) from T_Employee; #计算字段的最小值
select count(*),count(FNumber) from T_Employee; #统计数据条数
注：count(*) 统计的是结果集的总条数；
count(字段名) 比如 count(FName) 统计的是除了结果集中 FName 不为空值（即不为 NULL）的记录的总条数

# 排序
select * from T_Employee order by FAge ASC #ASC 代表升序，默认为升序，所以 ASC 可以省略
select * from T_Employee order by FAge DESC # DESC 代表降序
select * from T_Employee order by FAge DESC,FSalary DESC
注：
select * from T_Employee #order by 必须在 where 之后，不能颠倒它们的顺序
where FAge>23
order by FAge DESC,FSalary DESC