新手配置MySql(解压版)

我们安装MySql数据库主要分2种方式，一种是安装版，另一种是解压版。但无论是安装版，亦或是解压版，很多新手同志总会碰到各种问题。对于MySql安装版，本文没作任何讲解，大家可以到网上搜索，尽情发挥“百度”能力。对于MySql解压版，新手们则完全可以参照以下步骤。

一、登录MySql官网，下载解压版本。

二、MySql解压版配置。

前提：我的MySql解压版是64位，解压目录是E盘的MySQL文件夹，因此完整路径为E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64。

1、重命名my-difalt.ini文件、添加新内容(覆盖原内容)、修改basedir、datadir、Server的值。

1)修改E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64目录下的my-defalt.ini文件，重命名为my.ini。

2)把以下代码全部复制到my.ini文件，覆盖掉原文件内容。

# MySQL Server Instance Configuration File
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Generated by the MySQL Server Instance Configuration Wizard
#
#
# Installation Instructions
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
#
# CLIENT SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by MySQL client applications.
# Note that only client applications shipped by MySQL are guaranteed
# to read this section. If you want your own MySQL client program to
# honor these values, you need to specify it as an option during the
# MySQL client library initialization.
#
[client]

port=3306

[mysql]

default-character-set=gbk

# SERVER SECTION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
#
# The following options will be read by the MySQL Server. Make sure that
# you have installed the server correctly (see above) so it reads this
# file.
#
[mysqld]

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3306


#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
basedir=E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64
#Path to the database root
datadir=E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64\data
[WinMySQLadmin]
Server=E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe

# The default character set that will be used when a new schema or table is
# created and no character set is defined
default-character-set=gbk

# The default storage engine that will be used when create new tables when
default-storage-engine=INNODB

# Set the SQL mode to strict
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"

# The maximum amount of concurrent sessions the MySQL server will
# allow. One of these connections will be reserved for a user with
# SUPER privileges to allow the administrator to login even if the
# connection limit has been reached.
max_connections=100

# Query cache is used to cache SELECT results and later return them
# without actual executing the same query once again. Having the query
# cache enabled may result in significant speed improvements, if your
# have a lot of identical queries and rarely changing tables. See the
# "Qcache_lowmem_prunes" status variable to check if the current value
# is high enough for your load.
# Note: In case your tables change very often or if your queries are
# textually different every time, the query cache may result in a
# slowdown instead of a performance improvement.
query_cache_size=0

# The number of open tables for all threads. Increasing this value
# increases the number of file descriptors that mysqld requires.
# Therefore you have to make sure to set the amount of open files
# allowed to at least 4096 in the variable "open-files-limit" in
# section [mysqld_safe]
table_cache=256

# Maximum size for internal (in-memory) temporary tables. If a table
# grows larger than this value, it is automatically converted to disk
# based table This limitation is for a single table. There can be many
# of them.
tmp_table_size=26M


# How many threads we should keep in a cache for reuse. When a client
# disconnects, the client's threads are put in the cache if there aren't
# more than thread_cache_size threads from before.  This greatly reduces
# the amount of thread creations needed if you have a lot of new
# connections. (Normally this doesn't give a notable performance
# improvement if you have a good thread implementation.)
thread_cache_size=8

#*** MyISAM Specific options

# The maximum size of the temporary file MySQL is allowed to use while
# recreating the index (during REPAIR, ALTER TABLE or LOAD DATA INFILE.
# If the file-size would be bigger than this, the index will be created
# through the key cache (which is slower).
myisam_max_sort_file_size=100G

# If the temporary file used for fast index creation would be bigger
# than using the key cache by the amount specified here, then prefer the
# key cache method.  This is mainly used to force long character keys in
# large tables to use the slower key cache method to create the index.
myisam_sort_buffer_size=52M

# Size of the Key Buffer, used to cache index blocks for MyISAM tables.
# Do not set it larger than 30% of your available memory, as some memory
# is also required by the OS to cache rows. Even if you're not using
# MyISAM tables, you should still set it to 8-64M as it will also be
# used for internal temporary disk tables.
key_buffer_size=40M

# Size of the buffer used for doing full table scans of MyISAM tables.
# Allocated per thread, if a full scan is needed.
read_buffer_size=64K
read_rnd_buffer_size=256K

# This buffer is allocated when MySQL needs to rebuild the index in
# REPAIR, OPTIMZE, ALTER table statements as well as in LOAD DATA INFILE
# into an empty table. It is allocated per thread so be careful with
# large settings.
sort_buffer_size=256K


#*** INNODB Specific options ***
innodb_data_home_dir="E:\Program Files\MySQL\Data\INNODB\"

# Use this option if you have a MySQL server with InnoDB support enabled
# but you do not plan to use it. This will save memory and disk space
# and speed up some things.
#skip-innodb

# Additional memory pool that is used by InnoDB to store metadata
# information.  If InnoDB requires more memory for this purpose it will
# start to allocate it from the OS.  As this is fast enough on most
# recent operating systems, you normally do not need to change this
# value. SHOW INNODB STATUS will display the current amount used.
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=2M

# If set to 1, InnoDB will flush (fsync) the transaction logs to the
# disk at each commit, which offers full ACID behavior. If you are
# willing to compromise this safety, and you are running small
# transactions, you may set this to 0 or 2 to reduce disk I/O to the
# logs. Value 0 means that the log is only written to the log file and
# the log file flushed to disk approximately once per second. Value 2
# means the log is written to the log file at each commit, but the log
# file is only flushed to disk approximately once per second.
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1

# The size of the buffer InnoDB uses for buffering log data. As soon as
# it is full, InnoDB will have to flush it to disk. As it is flushed
# once per second anyway, it does not make sense to have it very large
# (even with long transactions).
innodb_log_buffer_size=1M

# InnoDB, unlike MyISAM, uses a buffer pool to cache both indexes and
# row data. The bigger you set this the less disk I/O is needed to
# access data in tables. On a dedicated database server you may set this
# parameter up to 80% of the machine physical memory size. Do not set it
# too large, though, because competition of the physical memory may
# cause paging in the operating system.  Note that on 32bit systems you
# might be limited to 2-3.5G of user level memory per process, so do not
# set it too high.
innodb_buffer_pool_size=77M

# Size of each log file in a log group. You should set the combined size
# of log files to about 25%-100% of your buffer pool size to avoid
# unneeded buffer pool flush activity on log file overwrite. However,
# note that a larger logfile size will increase the time needed for the
# recovery process.
innodb_log_file_size=39M

# Number of threads allowed inside the InnoDB kernel. The optimal value
# depends highly on the application, hardware as well as the OS
# scheduler properties. A too high value may lead to thread thrashing.
innodb_thread_concurrency=8

3)找到my.ini文件新内容中的以下代码。

#Path to installation directory. All paths are usually resolved relative to this.
basedir=E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64
#Path to the database root
datadir=E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64\data
[WinMySQLadmin]
Server=E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe

4)分别修改以上内容中basedir、datadir、Server的值，basedir的值就是MySql的安装目录，datadir的值就是安装目录下的data文件的完整目录，Server的值就是安装目录下的bin文件下的mysqld.exe的完整目录。

2、添加MYSQL_HOME环境变量、给PATH环境变量增加内容。

1)右击“计算机”，然后“属性”===》“高级系统设置”===》“环境变量”===》“新建”。

变量名：MYSQL_HOME

变量值：MySql的安装目录，比如E:\MySQL\mysql-5.6.23-winx64

2)选中PATH变量，然后“编辑”，增加以下内容(建议加到最后，前面必须有;号)

%MYSQL_HOME%\bin;%SystemRoot%\system32

注意：添加%SystemRoot%\system32的原因是防止通过cmd命令“net start mysql”启动mysql服务时报“net 既不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序”错误，也就是说加了它以后，我们就能使用cmd命令。

3、使用cmd命令创建mysql服务、启动mysql服务、登录mySql数据库。

1)于win7的“开始”处输入cmd，等到cmd出现于上方后，右击选择“以管理员身份运行”，然后转入mysql安装目录下bin文件，完整的命令可参考下图：

解说：转入bin文件后，于“bin>”后输入mysqld install MySql，MySql就是我们创建的服务名称，回车后会显示“Service successfully installed”，意思是服务创建成功。我们可以于计算机“开始”处输入services.msc，然后查看个人创建的名为MySql的服务。

2)MySql服务创建成功以后，紧随着输入net start mysql然后回车即可启动MySql服务。

3)服务启动以后，可以接着输入mysql -u root -p，然后会显示“Enter password:”提示要输入密码，我们不管它，直接按回车键，此时会出现“Welcome to the MySql monitor”等信息，它的意思就是表示登录成功。