关于C++类的默认生成函数

初始化对象数组的方案是，首先使用默认构造函数来创建数组元素，然后花括号中的构造函数将创建临时对象，然后将临时对象的内容拷贝到相应的元素中。因此，要创建类对象数组，则这个类必须有默认构造函数。

 

C++提供的默认拷贝构造函数和默认赋值函数工作的方法是：完成一个成员一个成员的拷贝，如果成员是类对象，则调用其拷贝构造函数或者默认拷贝构造函数。默认拷贝构造函数执行的是浅拷贝(“位拷贝”而非“值拷贝”)。当类成员里边有指针变量时，这两个默认的构造函数肯定会出错。

 

以类对象作为函数参数，调用该函数时将执行拷贝构造函数。

 

employee.h

#ifndef __EMPLOYEE_H
#define __EMPLOYEE_H
	
class employee
{
public:
	employee();
	employee(const employee& other);
	employee(const char *nm);
	~employee();
	
	void display();

private:
	char *name;
	int id;
};

#endif

 

employee.cpp

#include "employee.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
	
int uid = 0;

// 默认构造函数
employee::employee()
{
	name = NULL;
	id = 0;
	cout << "this is default constructor" << endl;	
}

// 拷贝构造函数
employee::employee(const employee& other)
{
	name = new char[strlen(other.name) + 1];
	strcpy(name, other.name);
	id = other.id;
	cout << "this is copy constructor" << endl;	
}

// 有参构造函数
employee::employee(const char *nm)
{
	name = new char[strlen(nm) + 1];
	strcpy(name, nm);
	id = ++uid;
	cout << "this is parameter (const char *nm) constructor" << endl;	
}

employee::~employee()
{
	cout << "this is destructor" << endl;
	if (name != NULL)
	{
		cout << "I will delete name" << endl;
		delete name;
		name = NULL;
	}	
}

void employee::display()
{
	cout << "name is " << name << endl
		 << "id = " << id << endl;
	printf("name addr is %p/n", name);
}

 

main.cpp

#include "employee.h"

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
	employee em1("zhang"); // 打印"this is parameter (const char *nm) constructor"
	employee em2 = em1; // 打印"this is copy constructor"
	employee em3; // 打印"this is default constructor"
	em3 = em2; // 此处将调用默认的赋值函数[employee& operator=(const employee& other)]
	em1.display();
	em2.display();
	em3.display();
	
//	this is parameter (const char *nm) constructor
//	this is default constructor
//	this is default constructor
//	this is destructor
//	this is destructor
//	this is destructor
	employee ems[3] = {employee("zhao")};
	
	return 0;
}

 

程序输出

this is parameter (const char *nm) constructor
this is copy constructor
this is default constructor
name is zhang
id = 1
name addr is 00032BC8
name is zhang
id = 1
name addr is 00032C30
name is zhang
id = 1
name addr is 00032C30
this is parameter (const char *nm) constructor // ems[0]
this is default constructor // ems[1]
this is default constructor // ems[2]
this is destructor // ems[2]
this is destructor // ems[1]
this is destructor // ems[0]
I will delete name
this is destructor // em3
I will delete name // 第一次释放00032C30的地址 
this is destructor // em2，该对象的name和em3的name指向同一块内存地址
I will delete name // 第二次释放00032C30的地址，g++并没有报异常
this is destructor // em1
I will delete name