下面是tinyhttpd-0.1.0的httpd.c的源码及个人增加的代码注释，有些注释有空补上。。
/* J. David's webserver */
/* This is a simple webserver.
* Created November 1999 by J. David Blackstone.
* CSE 4344 (Network concepts), Prof. Zeigler
* University of Texas at Arlington
*/
/* This program compiles for Sparc Solaris 2.6.
* To compile for Linux:
* 1) Comment out the #include <pthread.h> line.
* 2) Comment out the line that defines the variable newthread.
* 3) Comment out the two lines that run pthread_create().
* 4) Uncomment the line that runs accept_request().
* 5) Remove -lsocket from the Makefile.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define ISspace(x) isspace((int)(x))
#define SERVER_STRING "Server: jdbhttpd/0.1.0\r\n"
void accept_request(int);
void bad_request(int);
void cat(int,FILE *);
void cannot_execute(int);
void error_die(constchar *);
void execute_cgi(int,const char *,const char *,const char *);
int get_line(int,char *, int);
void headers(int,const char *);
void not_found(int);
void serve_file(int,const char *);
int startup(u_short *);
void unimplemented(int);
/**********************************************************************/
/* A request has caused a call to accept() on the server port to
* return. Process the request appropriately.
* Parameters: the socket connected to the client */
/**********************************************************************/
void accept_request(int client)
{
char buf[1024];//子线程处理http请求
int numchars;
char method[255];
char url[255];
char path[512];
size_t i, j;
struct stat st;//文件描述结构体
/* becomes true if server decides this is a CGI program */
int cgi = 0;
char *query_string = NULL;
//获取请求的每行数据
numchars =get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
i =0; j = 0;
//将method赋给method
while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i <sizeof(method) - 1))
{
method[i] = buf[j];
i++; j++;
}
method[i] ='\0';
if (strcasecmp(method,"GET") && strcasecmp(method,"POST"))
{
unimplemented(client);//如果method不是POST或者GET，则报不支持该方法。
return;
}
//如果method是post的，说明是调用cgi，因此cgi=1
if (strcasecmp(method,"POST") == 0)
cgi =1;
i =0;
//跳过Method后面的空白
while (ISspace(buf[j]) && (j <sizeof(buf)))
j++;
//将Mehod后面的方法赋值给url。
while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i <sizeof(url) - 1) && (j <sizeof(buf)))
{
url[i] = buf[j];
i++; j++;
}
url[i] ='\0';
if (strcasecmp(method,"GET") == 0)
{ //处理url的参数值，即'?'后面的查询条件
query_string = url;
while ((*query_string != '?') && (*query_string != '\0'))
query_string++;
if (*query_string == '?')
{
cgi =1;
*query_string ='\0';
query_string++;
}
}
//这里的path表示请求资源的绝对地址
sprintf(path,"/Users/xxxx/xxx/lib/tinyhttpd-0.1.0/htdocs%s", url);
//如果path没有给出具体文件，默认请求的是index.html
if (path[strlen(path) -1] == '/'){
strcat(path, "index.html");
}
//判断资源是否存在，不存在时值为-1
int result = stat(path, &st);
if (result == -1) {
//循环跳过请求头信息
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)){
numchars =get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
}
//提示资源找不到。
not_found(client);
}
else
{
//如果是目录，则默认加上index.html,即默认首页是index.html
if ((st.st_mode &S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
strcat(path, "/index.html");
//请求调用cgi
if ((st.st_mode &S_IXUSR) ||
(st.st_mode &S_IXGRP) ||
(st.st_mode &S_IXOTH) )
cgi =1;
if (!cgi)
serve_file(client, path);
else
execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string);
}
close(client);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that a request it has made has a problem.
* Parameters: client socket */
/**********************************************************************/
void bad_request(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf,"HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"Content-type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"<P>Your browser sent a bad request, ");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"such as a POST without a Content-Length.\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Put the entire contents of a file out on a socket. This function
* is named after the UNIX "cat" command, because it might have been
* easier just to do something like pipe, fork, and exec("cat").
* Parameters: the client socket descriptor
* FILE pointer for the file to cat */
/**********************************************************************/
void cat(int client,FILE *resource)
{
//返回文件数据
char buf[1024];
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
while (!feof(resource))
{
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
}
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that a CGI script could not be executed.
* Parameter: the client socket descriptor. */
/**********************************************************************/
void cannot_execute(int client)
{
//返回500服务器内部错误
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf,"HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"Content-type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"<P>Error prohibited CGI execution.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Print out an error message with perror() (for system errors; based
* on value of errno, which indicates system call errors) and exit the
* program indicating an error. */
/**********************************************************************/
void error_die(constchar *sc)
{
perror(sc);
exit(1);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Execute a CGI script. Will need to set environment variables as
* appropriate.
* Parameters: client socket descriptor
* path to the CGI script */
/**********************************************************************/
void execute_cgi(int client,const char *path,
const char *method,const char *query_string)
{
char buf[1024];
int cgi_output[2];
int cgi_input[2];
pid_t pid;
int status;
int i;
char c;
int numchars = 1;
int content_length = -1;
buf[0] ='A';
buf[1] ='\0';
if (strcasecmp(method,"GET") == 0)
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
numchars =get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
else /* POST */
{
numchars =get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))
{
buf[15] ='\0';
if (strcasecmp(buf,"Content-Length:") == 0)
content_length =atoi(&(buf[16]));
numchars =get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
}
if (content_length == -1) {
bad_request(client);
return;
}
}
sprintf(buf,"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
if (pipe(cgi_output) <0) {
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
if (pipe(cgi_input) <0) {
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
if ( (pid = fork()) <0 ) {
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
//这里采用fork来执行
if (pid ==0) /* child: CGI script */
{
char meth_env[255];
char query_env[255];
char length_env[255];
dup2(cgi_output[1],1);
dup2(cgi_input[0],0);
close(cgi_output[0]);
close(cgi_input[1]);
sprintf(meth_env, "REQUEST_METHOD=%s", method);
putenv(meth_env);
if (strcasecmp(method,"GET") == 0) {
sprintf(query_env, "QUERY_STRING=%s", query_string);
putenv(query_env);
}
else { /* POST */
sprintf(length_env, "CONTENT_LENGTH=%d", content_length);
putenv(length_env);
}
execl(path, path, NULL);
exit(0);
}else { /* parent */
close(cgi_output[1]);
close(cgi_input[0]);
if (strcasecmp(method,"POST") == 0)
for (i = 0; i < content_length; i++) {
recv(client, &c, 1,0);
write(cgi_input[1], &c,1);
}
while (read(cgi_output[0], &c,1) > 0)
send(client, &c, 1,0);
close(cgi_output[0]);
close(cgi_input[1]);
waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
}
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Get a line from a socket, whether the line ends in a newline,
* carriage return, or a CRLF combination. Terminates the string read
* with a null character. If no newline indicator is found before the
* end of the buffer, the string is terminated with a null. If any of
* the above three line terminators is read, the last character of the
* string will be a linefeed and the string will be terminated with a
* null character.
* Parameters: the socket descriptor
* the buffer to save the data in
* the size of the buffer
* Returns: the number of bytes stored (excluding null) */
/**********************************************************************/
int get_line(int sock,char *buf, int size)
{
int i = 0;
char c = '\0';
int n;
while ((i < size - 1) && (c != '\n'))
{
n =recv(sock, &c, 1,0);
/* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
if (n > 0)
{
if (c == '\r')
{
n =recv(sock, &c, 1,MSG_PEEK);
/* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
if ((n > 0) && (c =='\n'))
recv(sock, &c, 1,0);
else
c ='\n';
}
buf[i] = c;
i++;
}
else
c ='\n';
}
buf[i] ='\0';
return(i);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Return the informational HTTP headers about a file. */
/* Parameters: the socket to print the headers on
* the name of the file */
/**********************************************************************/
void headers(int client,const char *filename)
{
char buf[1024];
//传进请求资源文件，是为了可以使用该文件的信息来决定返回响应头的文件类型，这里没使用，直接返回content-type:text/html
(void)filename; /* could use filename to determine file type */
strcpy(buf,"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
strcpy(buf, SERVER_STRING);
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
strcpy(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Give a client a 404 not found status message. */
/**********************************************************************/
void not_found(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf,"HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"<HTML><TITLE>Not Found</TITLE>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"<BODY><P>The server could not fulfill\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"your request because the resource specified\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Send a regular file to the client. Use headers, and report
* errors to client if they occur.
* Parameters: a pointer to a file structure produced from the socket
* file descriptor
* the name of the file to serve */
/**********************************************************************/
void serve_file(int client,const char *filename)
{
FILE *resource = NULL;
int numchars = 1;
char buf[1024];
//下面这里似乎做无用功，因为这只是跳过请求头信息
buf[0] ='A'; buf[1] ='\0';
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
numchars =get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
//打开请求资源文件,
resource =fopen(filename, "r");
if (resource == NULL)
not_found(client);
else
{
headers(client, filename);
cat(client, resource);
}
fclose(resource);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* This function starts the process of listening for web connections
* on a specified port. If the port is 0, then dynamically allocate a
* port and modify the original port variable to reflect the actual
* port.
* Parameters: pointer to variable containing the port to connect on
* Returns: the socket */
/**********************************************************************/
int startup(u_short *port)
{
int httpd = 0;
struct sockaddr_in name;
httpd =socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (httpd == -1)
error_die("socket");
memset(&name, 0,sizeof(name));
name.sin_family =AF_INET;
name.sin_port =htons(*port);
name.sin_addr.s_addr =htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if (bind(httpd, (structsockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0)
error_die("bind");
if (*port ==0) /* if dynamically allocating a port */
{
int namelen = sizeof(name);
if (getsockname(httpd, (structsockaddr *)&name, &namelen) == -1)
error_die("getsockname");
*port =ntohs(name.sin_port);
}
if (listen(httpd,5) < 0)
error_die("listen");
return(httpd);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that the requested web method has not been
* implemented.
* Parameter: the client socket */
/**********************************************************************/
void unimplemented(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf,"HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Method Not Implemented\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"</TITLE></HEAD>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"<BODY><P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf,"</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
//用于输出客户端连接信息
void PrintSocketAddress(conststruct sockaddr *address,FILE *stream) {
// Test for address and stream
if (address == NULL || stream ==NULL)
return;
void *numericAddress;// Pointer to binary address
// Buffer to contain result (IPv6 sufficient to hold IPv4)
char addrBuffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
in_port_t port;// Port to print
// Set pointer to address based on address family
switch (address->sa_family) {
case AF_INET:
numericAddress = &((structsockaddr_in *) address)->sin_addr;
port =ntohs(((structsockaddr_in *) address)->sin_port);
break;
case AF_INET6:
numericAddress = &((structsockaddr_in6 *) address)->sin6_addr;
port =ntohs(((structsockaddr_in6 *) address)->sin6_port);
break;
default:
fputs("[unknown type]", stream);// Unhandled type
return;
}
// Convert binary to printable address
if (inet_ntop(address->sa_family, numericAddress, addrBuffer,
sizeof (addrBuffer)) == NULL)
fputs("[invalid address]", stream);// Unable to convert
else {
fprintf(stream, "来自%s", addrBuffer);
if (port !=0) // Zero not valid in any socket addr
fprintf(stream, "-%u\n", port);
}
}
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int server_sock = -1;
u_short port = 8081;
int client_sock = -1;
struct sockaddr_in client_name;
int client_name_len = sizeof(client_name);
pthread_t newthread;
server_sock =startup(&port);
printf("httpd running on port %d\n", port);
while (1)
{
client_sock =accept(server_sock, (structsockaddr *)&client_name, &client_name_len);
//这里的if代码段是我增加，不加会报错"Interrupted system call"
if (client_sock == -1){
if (errno ==EINTR){
continue;
}
error_die("accept");
}
//这个函数原版本没有，其他版本有，因此补上，函数功能主要用于输出客户端连接信息。
PrintSocketAddress((structsockaddr*) &client_name, stdout);
/* accept_request(client_sock); */
if (pthread_create(&newthread ,NULL, accept_request, client_sock) !=0){
perror("pthread_create");
}
}
close(server_sock);
return(0);
}
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