C++ 11 手写享元模式

所谓享元模式其实就是相同内容的对象，只存储一份，使用不同的指针，或者ID去做索引。
本例使用boost::bimap实现手写的享元模式。
每次添加对象时，先查询是否存在相同的值，如果存在，则直接返回id，如果不存在，则创建新的对象，并加入bimap。
检索时按id进行索引。
程序结构如下，

test/CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6)

if(APPLE)
    message(STATUS "This is Apple, do nothing.")
    set(CMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH 1)
    set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /Users/aabjfzhu/software/vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-osx/share )
elseif(UNIX)
    message(STATUS "This is linux, set CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH.")
    set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-linux/share)
endif(APPLE)

project(handmade_flyweight)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-narrowing")

add_definitions(-g)

find_package(ZLIB)

find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED )
find_package(Arrow CONFIG REQUIRED)

find_package(unofficial-brotli REQUIRED)
find_package(unofficial-utf8proc CONFIG REQUIRED)
find_package(Thrift CONFIG REQUIRED)

find_package(glog REQUIRED)

find_package(OpenSSL REQUIRED)

find_package(Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS
    system
    filesystem
    serialization
    program_options
    thread
    )

find_package(DataFrame REQUIRED)

if(APPLE)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set INCLUDE_DIRS")
set(INCLUDE_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/include /usr/local/iODBC/include /opt/snowflake/snowflakeodbc/include/ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include)
elseif(UNIX)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set INCLUDE_DIRS")
    set(INCLUDE_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/include ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/)
endif(APPLE)


if(APPLE)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set LINK_DIRS")
    set(LINK_DIRS /usr/local/lib /usr/local/iODBC/lib /opt/snowflake/snowflakeodbc/lib/universal)
elseif(UNIX)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set LINK_DIRS")
    set(LINK_DIRS ${Boost_INCLUDE_DIRS} /usr/local/lib /vcpkg/ports/cppwork/vcpkg_installed/x64-linux/lib)
endif(APPLE)

if(APPLE)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is APPLE, set ODBC_LIBS")
    set(ODBC_LIBS iodbc iodbcinst)
elseif(UNIX)
    MESSAGE(STATUS "This is linux, set LINK_DIRS")
    set(ODBC_LIBS odbc odbcinst ltdl)
endif(APPLE)

include_directories(${INCLUDE_DIRS})
LINK_DIRECTORIES(${LINK_DIRS})

file( GLOB test_file_list ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/*.cpp) 

file( GLOB APP_SOURCES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/*.h ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../include/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/arr_/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/http/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/yaml/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/df/impl/*.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../../include/death_handler/impl/*.cpp)

add_library(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib SHARED ${APP_SOURCES} ${test_file})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib ${Boost_LIBRARIES} ZLIB::ZLIB glog::glog DataFrame::DataFrame ${OpenCV_LIBS})
target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}_lib OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto libgtest.a pystring libyaml-cpp.a libgmock.a ${ODBC_LIBS} libnanodbc.a pthread dl backtrace libzstd.a libbz2.a libsnappy.a re2::re2 parquet lz4 unofficial::brotli::brotlidec-static unofficial::brotli::brotlienc-static unofficial::brotli::brotlicommon-static utf8proc thrift::thrift  arrow arrow_dataset)

foreach( test_file ${test_file_list} )
    file(RELATIVE_PATH filename ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${test_file})
    string(REPLACE ".cpp" "" file ${filename})
    add_executable(${file}  ${test_file})
    target_link_libraries(${file} ${PROJECT_NAME}_lib)
endforeach( test_file ${test_file_list})

test/flyweight_test.cpp

#include "death_handler/death_handler.h"
#include <glog/logging.h>
#include "hmade_flyweight.hpp"

#include <utility>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>



int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    FLAGS_log_dir = "./";
    FLAGS_alsologtostderr = true;
    // 日志级别 INFO, WARNING, ERROR, FATAL 的值分别为0、1、2、3
    FLAGS_minloglevel = 0;

    Debug::DeathHandler dh;

    google::InitGoogleLogging("./logs.log");
    testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
    int ret = RUN_ALL_TESTS();
    return ret;
}

GTEST_TEST(FlyWeightTests, FlyWeight) {
    User user1 {"John", "Smith"};
    User user2 {"Jane", "Smith"};
    std::cout << user1 << std::endl << user2 << std::endl;
}

include/hmade_flyweight.hpp

#ifndef _FREDRIC_HMADE_FLYWEIGHT_HPP_
#define _FREDRIC_HMADE_FLYWEIGHT_HPP_

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <boost/bimap.hpp>

using key = uint32_t;

struct User {
    User(std::string const& first_name_, std::string const& last_name_): first_name{add(first_name_)}, last_name{add(last_name_)} {

    }
    // 根据key找value
    std::string const& get_first_name() const {
        return names.left.find(first_name)->second;
    }

    std::string const& get_last_name() const {
        return names.left.find(last_name)->second;
    }

    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, User const &user) {
        os << "first name: " << user.get_first_name() << " last name: " << user.get_last_name() << " last name index: " << user.last_name;
        return os;
    }
protected:
    key first_name, last_name;
    static boost::bimap<key, std::string> names;
    static key seed;
    static key add(std::string const& s) {
        auto it = names.right.find(s);
        // 在names中没找着，直接插
        if(it == names.right.end()) {
            key id = ++seed;
            names.insert({id, s});
            return id;
        }
        // 找到了，直接返回key
        return it->second;
    }
};


boost::bimap<key, std::string> User::names{};
key User::seed{0};

#endif

程序输出如下，