Spring之@Autowired

@Autowired 与@Resource的区别：

1、 @Autowired与@Resource都可以用来装配bean. 都可以写在字段上,或写在setter方法上。

2、 @Autowired默认按类型装配（这个注解是属业spring的），默认情况下必须要求依赖对象必须存在，如果要允许null值，可以设置它的required属性为false，如：@Autowired(required=false) ，如果我们想使用名称装配可以结合@Qualifier注解进行使用，如下：

@Autowired()@Qualifier("baseDao") privateBaseDao baseDao;

 

3、@Resource（这个注解属于J2EE的），默认按照名称进行装配，名称可以通过name属性进行指定，如果没有指定name属性，当注解写在字段上时，默认取字段名进行安装名称查找，如果注解写在setter方法上默认取属性名进行装配。当找不到与名称匹配的bean时才按照类型进行装配。但是需要注意的是，如果name属性一旦指定，就只会按照名称进行装配。

1 2	@Resource(name="baseDao") privateBaseDao baseDao;

推荐使用：@Resource注解在字段上，这样就不用写setter方法了，并且这个注解是属于J2EE的，减少了与spring的耦合。这样代码看起就比较优雅。

 

 

@Autowired 默认是按类型匹配，找不到抛异常，如果想找不到也不抛异常，把required的默认属性值true改为false

@Resource的作用相当于@Autowired，@Autowired只能按byType自动注入，

而@Resource默认按 byName自动注入罢了。也可以按类型注入

@Resource有两个属性是比较重要的，分是name和type，Spring将@Resource注解的name属性解析为bean的名字，而type属性则解析为bean的类型。所以如果使用name属性，则使用byName的自动注入策略，而使用type属性时则使用byType自动注入策略。如果既不指定name也不指定type属性，这时将通过反射机制使用byName自动注入策略。
　　@Resource装配顺序
　　1. 如果同时指定了name和type，则从Spring上下文中找到唯一匹配的bean进行装配，找不到则抛出异常
　　2. 如果指定了name，则从上下文中查找名称（id）匹配的bean进行装配，找不到则抛出异常
　　3. 如果指定了type，则从上下文中找到类型匹配的唯一bean进行装配，找不到或者找到多个，都会抛出异常
　　4. 如果既没有指定name，又没有指定type，则自动按照byName方式进行装配；如果没有匹配，则回退为一个原始类型进行匹配，如果匹配则自动装配；

package org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.PARAMETER, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Autowired {
    boolean required() default true;
}

package javax.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.ElementType.*;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.*;

/**
* The Resource annotation marks a resource that is needed
* by the application. This annotation may be applied to an
* application component class, or to fields or methods of the
* component class. When the annotation is applied to a
* field or method, the container will inject an instance
* of the requested resource into the application component
* when the component is initialized. If the annotation is
* applied to the component class, the annotation declares a
* resource that the application will look up at runtime. <p>
*
* Even though this annotation is not marked Inherited, deployment
* tools are required to examine all superclasses of any component
* class to discover all uses of this annotation in all superclasses.
* All such annotation instances specify resources that are needed
* by the application component. Note that this annotation may
* appear on private fields and methods of superclasses; the container
* is required to perform injection in these cases as well.
*
* @since Common Annotations 1.0
*/
@Target({TYPE, FIELD, METHOD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
public @interface Resource {
/**
* The JNDI name of the resource. For field annotations,
* the default is the field name. For method annotations,
* the default is the JavaBeans property name corresponding
* to the method. For class annotations, there is no default
* and this must be specified.
*/
String name() default "";

/**
* The name of the resource that the reference points to. It can
* link to any compatible resource using the global JNDI names.
*
* @since Common Annotations 1.1
*/

String lookup() default "";

/**
* The Java type of the resource. For field annotations,
* the default is the type of the field. For method annotations,
* the default is the type of the JavaBeans property.
* For class annotations, there is no default and this must be
* specified.
*/
Class<?> type() default java.lang.Object.class;

/**
* The two possible authentication types for a resource.
*/
enum AuthenticationType {
CONTAINER,
APPLICATION
}

/**
* The authentication type to use for this resource.
* This may be specified for resources representing a
* connection factory of any supported type, and must
* not be specified for resources of other types.
*/
AuthenticationType authenticationType() default AuthenticationType.CONTAINER;

/**
* Indicates whether this resource can be shared between
* this component and other components.
* This may be specified for resources representing a
* connection factory of any supported type, and must
* not be specified for resources of other types.
*/
boolean shareable() default true;

/**
* A product specific name that this resource should be mapped to.
* The name of this resource, as defined by the <code>name</code>
* element or defaulted, is a name that is local to the application
* component using the resource. (It's a name in the JNDI
* <code>java:comp/env</code> namespace.) Many application servers
* provide a way to map these local names to names of resources
* known to the application server. This mapped name is often a
* <i>global</i> JNDI name, but may be a name of any form. <p>
*
* Application servers are not required to support any particular
* form or type of mapped name, nor the ability to use mapped names.
* The mapped name is product-dependent and often installation-dependent.
* No use of a mapped name is portable.
*/
String mappedName() default "";

/**
* Description of this resource. The description is expected
* to be in the default language of the system on which the
* application is deployed. The description can be presented
* to the Deployer to help in choosing the correct resource.
*/
String description() default "";
}

Springboot中@Autowired的源码分析

总结：1,2为创建bean并初始化。3-6为找依赖（依赖注入的处理方法）

1. Bean实例化完成后，填充Bean
2. 调用AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessProperties处理属性
3. 获取所有需要注入的属性
4. 根据注入属性的类型从IOC容器中查找匹配实例
5. 如果匹配实例存在多个，根据primary属性--->javax.annotation.Priority注解--->注入属性名称依次过滤，返回符合条件的Bean名称

6> 过滤之后，存在一个符合条件的Bean名称，则返回对应的实例，否则多个或0个（）抛出异常