2017年大连理工大学博士入学考试英语真题
一、选词填空
The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.
While elderly people 1——to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 2 ——effect on their brain’s performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.
Sean Drummond, a psychiatrist (心理医生) at the University of California, San Diego, said that older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 3—— straight through the night.
More sleep in old age, however, is 4 ——with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 5—— if they slept for longer periods, he said.
“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整块时间) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 6 ——well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.
“It’s 7 ——a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 8 ——. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 9 ——to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That’s 10—— from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”
[A] alert [I] formally [B] associated [J] function [C] attracting [K] mixed [D] cling
[L] negative [E] continuing [M] sufficient [F] definitely [N] tend [G] different
[O] younger [H] efficiently
- 深度阅读
第一篇
In 2011, many shoppers chose to avoid the frantic crowds and do their holiday shopping from the comfort of their computer. Sales at online retailers gained by more than 15%, making it the biggest season ever. But people are also returning those purchases at record rates, up 8% from last year.
What went wrong? Is the lingering shadow of the global financial crisis making it harder to accept extravagant indulgences? Or that people shop more impulsively—and therefore make bad decisions—when online? Both arguments are plausible. However, there is a third factor: a question of touch. We can love the look but, in an online environment, we cannot feel the quality of a texture, the shape of the fit, the fall of a fold or, for that matter, the weight of an earring. And physically interacting with an object makes you more committed to your purchase.
When my most recent book Brandwashed was released, I teamed up with a local bookstore to conduct an experiment about the difference between the online and offline shopping experience. I carefully instructed a group of volunteers to promote my book in two different ways. The first was a fairly hands-off approach. Whenever a customer would inquire about my book, the volunteer would take them over to the shelf and point to it. Out of 20 such requests, six customers proceeded with the purchase.
The second option also involved going over to the shelf but, this time, removing the book and them subtly holding onto it for just an extra moment before placing it in the customer’s hands. Of the 20 people who were handed the book, 13 ended up buying it. Just physically passing the book showed a big difference in sales. Why? We feel something similar to a sense of ownership when we hold things in our hand. That’s why we establish or reestablish connection by greeting strangers and friends with a handshake. In this case, having to then let go of the book after holding it might generate a subtle sense of loss, and motivate us to make the purchase even more.
A recent study also revealed the power of touch, in this case when it came to conventional mail. A deeper and longer-lasting impression of a message was formed when delivered in a letter, as opposed to receiving the same message online. Brain imaging showed that, on touching the paper, the emotional center of the brain was activated, thus forming a stronger bond. The study also indicated that once touch becomes part of the process, it could translate into a sense of possession.
This sense of ownership is simply not part of the equation in the online shopping experience.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. Why do people prefer shopping online according to the author?
A) It is more comfortable and convenient.
B) It saves them a lot of money and time.
C) It offers them a lot more options and bargains.
D) It gives them more time to think about their purchase.
12. Why do more customers return their purchases bought online?
A) They regretted indulging in costly items in the recession.
B) They changed their mind by the time the goods were delivered.
C) They had no chance to touch them when shopping online.
D) They later found the quality of goods below their expectations.
13. What is the purpose of author’s experiment?
A) To test his hypothesis about online shopping.
B) To find out people’s reaction to his recent book.
C) To find ways to increase the sale of his new book.
D) To try different approaches to sales promotion.
14. How might people feel after letting go of something they held?
A) A sense of disappointment C) A subtle loss of interest
B) More motivated to own it. D) Less sensitive to its texture.
15. What does train imaging in a recent study reveal?
A) Conventional letters contain subtle messages.
B) A lack of touch is the chief obstacle to e-commerce.
C) Email lacks the potential to activate the brain.
D) Physical touch helps form a sense of possession.
第二篇
In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War Ⅱ, the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to humanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the world—with support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.—to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case for democratic freedoms.
In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is falling behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.
At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanities—while still popular in elite colleges and universities—have experienced a significant decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant income and because they provide no obvious credentials (资质) for most nonacademic careers.
Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” education—which means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (贫困的) without humanistic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.
It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
16. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _______.
[A] solve virtually all existing problems [C] help raise people’s living standards
[B] quicken the pace of industrialization [D] promote the nation’s social progress
17. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World WarⅡ?
[A] They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.
[B] They believed the stability of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.
[C] They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.
[D] They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.
18. Why are American scholars worried about education today?
[A] The STEM subjects are too challenging for students to learn.
[B] Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.
[C] America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.
[D] There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.
19. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?
[A] Insufficient funding. [C] Shortage of devoted faculty.
[B] Shrinking enrollment. [D] Dim prospects for graduates.
20. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?
[A] They promote the development of science and technology.
[B] They help prepare students for their professional careers.
[C] Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values.
[D] Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students’creativity.
- 快速阅读
Caught in the Web
A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief intervals. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took near-constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.
"I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart – kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla. "I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going," detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world.
Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was "addicted" to the Internet. She's not alone. Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers generated interest in the subject. There's still no consensus on how much time online constitutes too much or whether addiction is possible.
But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at excessive Internet use. The American Psychiatric Association may consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition of its diagnostic manual. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web. 、
"There's no question that there're people who're seriously in trouble because they're overdoing their Internet involvement," said psychiatrist (精神科医生) Ivan Goldberg. Goldberg calls the problem a disorder rather than a true addiction.
Jonathan Bishop, a researcher in Wales specializing in online communities, is more skeptical. "The Internet is an environment," he said. "You can't be addicted to the environment." Bishop describes the problem as simply a matter of priorities, which can be solved by encouraging people to prioritize other life goals and plans in place of time spent online.
The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the 2005 survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers.About 6% of respondents reported that "their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use." About 9% attempted to conceal "nonessential Internet use," and nearly 4% reported feeling "preoccupied by the Internet when offline."
About 8% said they used the Internet as a way to escape problems, and almost 14% reported they "found it hard to stay away from the Internet for several days at a time."
"The Internet problem is still in its infancy," said Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. "They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. [The problem is] not limited to porn (色情) or gambling" websites.
Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but "in terms of losses," said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. "If it's a loss [where] you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much."
Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior.
The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:
● Having a sense of well-being (幸福) or excitement while at the computer.
● Longing for more and more time at the computer.
● Neglect of family and friends.
● Feeling empty, depressed or irritable when not at the computer.
● Lying to employers and family about activities.
● Inability to stop the activity.
● Problems with school or job.
Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances.
People who struggle with excessive Internet use maybe depressed or have other mood disorders, Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a "sense of belonging, and escape, excitement [and] fun," she said. "Some people say relief…because they find themselves so relaxed."
Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a "gaming addiction."
Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight.
"There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in" with online gaming, said Heidrich, now a father of two. "People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly "to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check."
Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line: "I have an Internet Addiction."
"I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work,to take care of my home, to give attention to my children," she wrote in a message sent to the group."I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my mortgage (抵押贷款) and face losing everything."
Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now."
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
21. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?
- Her daughter's repeated complaints. B) Fatigue resulting from lack of sleep.
C) The poorly managed state of her house. D) The high financial costs adding up.
22. What does the author say about excessive Internet use?
A) People should be warned of its harmful consequences.
B) It has become virtually inevitable.
C) It has been somewhat exaggerated.
D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition.
23.Jonathan Bishop believes that the Internet overuse problem can be solved if people ______.
- try to improve the Internet environment
- become aware of its serious consequences
C) can realize what is important in life
D) can reach a consensus on its definition
24. According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______.
A) it seriously affected family relationships
B) one visited porn websites frequently
C) too much time was spent in chat rooms
D) people got involved in online gambling
25. According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy reliance on the Internet may feel ______.
A) discouraged B) pressured C) depressed D) puzzled
26. Why did Andre Heidrich cut back online gaming?
A) He had lost a lot of money.
B) His family had intervened.
C) He had offended his relatives.
D) His career had been ruined.
27. Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to ______.
A) improve his online gaming skills
B) curb his desire for online gaming
C) show how good he is at online gaming
D) exchange online gaming experience
28.In one of the messages she posted on a website, Toebe admitted that she ______.
29. Excessive Internet use had rendered Toebe so poor that she couldn't afford to seek ______.
30.Now that she's got a boyfriend, Toebe is no longer crazy about ______.
- 段落匹配题
Jaguars Don't Live Here Anymore
A)Earlier this month, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service announced it would appoint" critical habitat" for the endangered jaguar. Jaguars--the world's third-largest wild cats, weighing up to 250 pounds, with distinctive black rosettes ( 玫瑰花色 ) on their fur--are a separate species from the smaller, tawny (黄褐色的 ) mountain lions, which still roam large areas of the American West in the United States and take the first steps toward mandating (批准) a jaguar recovery plan. This is a policy reversal and, on the surface, it may appear to be a victory for the conservation community and for jaguars, the largest wild cats in the Western Hemisphere.
B) But as someone who has studied jaguars for nearly three decades, I can tell you it is nothing less than a slap in the face to good science. What's more, by changing the rules for animal preservation, it stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act.
C)The debate on what to do about jaguars started in 1997, when, at the urging of many biologists ( including me), the Fish and Wildlife Service put the jaguar on the United States endangered species list, because there had been occasional sightings of the cats crossing north over the United States-Mexico border. At the same time, however, the agency ruled that it would not be "prudent" (谨慎的 ) to declare that the jaguar has critical .habitat--a geographic area containing features the species needs to survive--in the United States. Determining an endangered species' critical habitat is a first step toward developing a plan for helping that species recover.
D)The 1997 decision not to determine critical habitat for the jaguar was the right one, because even though they cross the border from time to time, jaguars don't occupy any territory in our country--and that probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them.
E)In prehistoric times, these beautiful cats inhabited significant areas of the western United States, but in the past 100 years, there have been few, if any, resident breeding populations here. The last time a female jaguar with a cub ( 幼兽 ) was sighted in this country was in the early 1900s.
F)Two well-intentioned conservation advocacy groups, the Center for Biological Diversity and Defenders of Wildlife, sued the Fish and Wildlife Service to change its ruling. Thus in 2006, the agency reassessed the situation and again determined that no areas in the United States met the definition of critical habitat for the jaguar. Despite occasional sightings, mostly within 40 miles of the Mexican border, there were still no data to indicate jaguars had taken up residence inside the United States.
G ) After this second ruling was made, an Arizona rancher ( 牧场主 ), with support from the state Game and Fish Department, set infrared-camera (红外摄像机 ) traps togather more data, and essentially confirmed the Fish and Wildlife Service's findings. The cameras did capture transient jaguars, including one male jaguar, nick named Macho, B, who roamed the Arizona borderlands for more than a decade. But Macho B, now dead, might have been the sole resident American jaguar, and his extensive travels indicated he was not having an easy time surviving in this dry, rugged region.
H) Despite the continued evidence, the two conservation advocacy groups continued to sue the government. Apparently, they want jaguars to repopulate the United State seven if jaguars don't wan! to. Last March, a federal district judge in Arizona ordered the Fish and Wildlife Service to revisit its 2006 determination on critical habitat.
I)The facts haven't changed: there is still no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar. But, having asserted this twice already, the service, nowunder a new president, has bent to the tiresome litigation (诉讼). On Jan. 12, Fish and Wildlife officials, claimed to have evaluated new scientific information that had become available after the July 2006 ruling. They determined that it is now prudent to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.
J)This means that Fish and Wildlife must now also formulate a recovery plan for the jaguar. And since jaguars have not been able to reestablish themselves naturally over the past century, the government will likely have to go to significant expense to attempt to bring them back--especially if the cats have to be reintroduced.
K)So why not do everything we can, at whatever cost, to bring jaguars back into the United States? To begin with, the American Southwest is, at best, marginal habitat for the animals. More important, there are better ways to help jaguars. South of our border, from Mexico to Argentina, thousands of jaguars live and breed in their true critical habitat. Governments and conservation groups (including the one I head) are already working hard to conserve jaguar populations and connect them to one another through an initiative called the Jaguar Corridor.
L).The jaguars that now and then cross into the United States most likely come from the northernmost population of jaguars, in Sonora, Mexico. Rather than demand jaguars return to our country, we should help Mexico and other jaguar-range countries conserve the animals' true habitat it
M )The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars. It also stands to weaken the Endangered Species Act, because if critical habitat is redefined as any place where a species might ever have existed, and where you or I might want it to exist again, then the door is open for many other sense less efforts to bring back long-lost creatures.
N)The Fish and Wildlife officials whose job is to protect the country's wild animals need to grow a stronger backbone--stick with their original, correct decision and save their money for more useful preservation work. Otherwise, when funds are needed to preserve all those small, ugly, non-charismatic endangered species at the back of the line, there may be no money left.
1. It is still a fact that there is no suitable place for jaguars to live safely in the United States.
2. The United States Fish and Wildlife Service should be more determined and saving for the conservation work.
3. Jaguars were regarded as endangered species because of their rare appearance at the United States-Mexico border.
4. Money was not spent effectively in helping save jaguars in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service.
5. It can be inferred that the United States is not the best choice for jaguars to live from the evidence that they don't settle anywhere here.
6. South of the United States' border, from Mexico to Argentina, is the true critical habitat for jaguars.
7. The number of jaguars breeding populations in significant areas of the western United States has deceased in the past century.
8. It is necessary for the government to invest lots of funds in order to help jaguars to reestablish.
9. It didn't indicate that jaguars had settled down in the United States even though they were seen within 40 miles of the Mexican border at times.
10. Fish and Wildlife officials were sure enough to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States.
五、翻译
Animals on the Move
It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was slowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock. Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the shark’s skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.
Moving to Survive
In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or locomotion, in animals.Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food.They also use locomotion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore new territories. The methods of locomotion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.Humans have the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon.However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal locomotion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks’ movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.
六、小作文
小作文是一篇表格作文，其主题是家庭结构和收入之间的关系，例如单亲家庭收入多少，完整的家庭收入多少等等。
七、大作文
以大学生在大学期间应该专攻自己的专业，还是广泛的进行学习为题，进行写作
答案：
1 N tend
2 L negative
3 H efficiently
4 B associated
5 A alert
6 J function/
7 F definitely
8 O younger
9 E continuing
10 G different
深度阅读（一）
- A. It is more comfortable and convenient.
12. C. They had no chance to touch them when shopping.
13. To test his hypothesis about online shopping.
14. B. More motivated to own it.
15. D. Physical touch helps form a sense of possession.
（二）
16. A)solve virtually all existing problems
17. D)They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world
18. B)Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic scienes
19. A)Insufficient funding
20. C)Humanistic thinking helps define our culture and values
21A) her daughters' repeated complains
- D) People haven't yet reached agreement on its definition
- C) can realize what is important in life
- A) it seriously affected family relationships
- C) depressed
- B) His family had intervened
- B) curb his desire for online gaming
- had an Internet addiction
- professional help
- online dating
- 段落匹配
31．I)。【题干译文】这仍然是一个事实：在美国没有合适的地方让美洲虎安全地 生存。
【定位】由题干中的still a fact和no suitable place定位到原文I)段第一句：11lefacts haven’t changed：there is still no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar．
【精解】原文中的the facts haven’t changed对应题干中的it is still a fact，原文中的no area in the United States essential to the conservation of the jaguar对应题干中的no suitable place for jaguars to live safely in the United States，因此原文定位句和题干是同义转述，故选I)。
32．N)。【题干译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务中心应该更加坚定并且为保护工作节约开支。
【定位】由题干中的determined and saving for the conservation work定位到原文N)段第一句：The Fish and Wild Life officials whose job is to protect the country's wild animals need to grow a stronger backbone——stick with their original．correct decision and save their money for more useful preservation work．
【精解】定位句表明美国鱼类和野生动物服务中心需要坚持他们最初的正确的决定并且为更为重要的美洲虎保护工作节省资金。题于中的be more determined对应原文中的9row a stronger backbone，故选N)。
33．C)。【题干译文】由于在美国和墨西哥边境的稀少出现，美洲虎被认为是一种濒危物种。
【定位】由题干中的regarded as endangered species定位到原文c)段第一句：…the Fish and Wildlife Service put the jaguar on the United States endangered species list，because there had been occasional sightings of the cats crossing north over the United States．Mexico border．
【精解】定位句表明，美国鱼类和野生动物服务中心将美洲虎列到濒危物种名单，因为它们很少出现在美国和墨西哥边境。定位句是主动语态，题于巾是被动语态，但它们是同义转述，故c)为答案。
34．M)。【题干译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务中心在最近行动中并没有将资金有效地利用在保护美洲虎上。
【定位】由题干中的in the recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service定位到原文M)段第一句：The recent move by the Fish and Wildlife Service means that the rare federal funds devoted to protecting wild animals will be wasted on efforts that cannot help save jaguars．
【精解】由定位句可知，美国鱼类和野生动物服务中心的最近行动意味着致力于保护野生动物的稀有的联邦资金被浪费了。题干中的not spent effectively“(资金)没有被有效利用”与此为同义转述，故M)为答案。
35．D)。【题干译文】美洲虎并未长期定居在美国境内，通过这一证据可以推断美国并非是它们栖息的最好环境。
【定位】由题干中的the best choice for jaguars to live定位到原文D)段：…jaguars don’t occupy any territory in our country--and that probably means the environment here is no longer ideal for them．
【精解】题干中的the best choice与原文中的ideal属于同义转述，题干中的don’t settle anywhere here与原文中的don’t occupy any territory in our country也属于同义转述，故D)为答案。
36．K)。【题干译文】美国边境以南，从墨西哥到阿根廷，是美洲虎真正的危急栖息地。
【定位】由题干中的from Mexico to Argentina定位到原文K)段第四句：South of our border．from Mexico to Argentina，thousands of jaguars live and breed in their true critical habitat．
【精解】题干中的from Mexico to Argentina和原文中的一样，原文意思是美洲虎在这些地点繁衍生息，也就是它们真正的危急栖息地，故K)为答案。
37．E)。【题干译文】在美国西部的重要区域繁衍生息的美洲虎的数目在近一个世纪以来减少了。
【定位】由题干中的breeding populations定位到原文E)段第一句：In prehistoric times．these beautiful cats inhabited significant areas of the western United States，but in the past l00 years。there have been few，if any，resident breeding populations here．
【精解】定位句表明，在史前时代，美洲虎尚且栖息在美国西部的重要区域，而在近一百年间，却寥寥无几。由此可知，在美国西部的重要区域繁衍生息的美洲虎的数目减少了，故E)为答案。
38．J)。【题干译文】政府很有必要投入资金来帮助美洲虎重建柄息地。
【定位】由题干中的help jaguars to reestablish定位到原文J)段第二句：And since jaguars have not been able to reestablish themselves naturally over the past century，the government will likely have to go to significant expense to attempt to bring them back．
【精解】原文定位句的意思足“由于过去一个世纪以来，美洲虎无法凭借自己的力量壮大族群，政府需要投入巨大的资金来帮助它们。’题干和原文中都出现了reestablish“恢复，重建”，且题干中的It is necessary for the government to invest lots of funds与原文中的the government will likely have to go to significant expense属于同义转换，故J)为答案
39．F)。【题干译文】即使在墨西哥边境40英里以内偶尔发现了美洲虎的踪迹，也不能表明美洲虎已经在美国栖息了。
【定位】由题干中的within 40 miles of the Mexican border定位到原文F)段第三句：Despite occasional sightings，mostly within 40 miles of the Mexican border，there were still no data to indicate jaguars had taken up residence inside the United States．
【精解】题干中的even though they were seen…at times与定位句中的Despite occasional sightings属于同义转述，题干中的It didn’t indicate that…与原文巾的there were still no data to indicate也属于同义转述，故F)为答案。
40．I)。【题干译文】美国鱼类和野生动物服务中心对于在美国境内指定美洲虎的危急栖息地非常确信。
【定位】由题干中的appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States定位到原文I)段第四句：They determined that it is now prudent to appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States．
【精解】题干中和原文定位句中都出现了同一短语appoint critical habitat for the jaguar in the United States，且题干中的Sure enough和原文中的determined为同义转述．故I)为答案。
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