参考链接
https://blog.csdn.net/carson_ho/article/details/94545178?utm_medium=distribute.pc_aggpage_search_result.none-task-blog-2aggregatepagefirst_rank_ecpm_v1~rank_v31_ecpm-7-94545178.pc_agg_new_rank&utm_term=android+measurespec.makemeasurespec&spm=1000.2123.3001.4430
一、MeasureSpec
MeasureSpec在很大程序上决定了一个View的尺寸规格,之所以说是很大程度上是因为这个过程还受父容器的影响,因为父容器影响VIew的MeasureSpec的创建过程。在测量过程中,系统会将View的LayoutParams根据父容器所施加的规则转换成对应的MeasureSpec,然后再根据这个measureSpec来测量出View的宽/高。这里的宽/高是测量的宽/高,不一定等于View的最终宽/高。
测量规格(MeasureSpec)是由测量模式(mode)和测量大小(size)组成,共32位(int类型),其中:
测量模式(mode):占测量规格(MeasureSpec)的高2位;
测量大小(size):占测量规格(MeasureSpec)的低30位。
下面看一下MeasureSpec的常量定义。MeasureSpec类是View类的内部类。
// android_build_9/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/View.java
public static class MeasureSpec {
// 进位大小 = 2的30次方
// int的大小为32位,所以进位30位 = 使用int的32和31位做标志位
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
// 运算遮罩:0x3为16进制,10进制为3,二进制为11
// 3向左进位30 = 11 00000000000(11后跟30个0)
// 作用:用1标注需要的值,0标注不要的值。因1与任何数做与运算都得任何数、0与任何数做与运算都得0
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
// UNSPECIFIED的模式设置:0向左进位30 = 00后跟30个0,即00 00000000000
// 通过高2位
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
// EXACTLY的模式设置:1向左进位30 = 01后跟30个0 ,即01 00000000000
public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
// AT_MOST的模式设置:2向左进位30 = 10后跟30个0,即10 00000000000
public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
//打包MeasureSpec
public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
// measureSpec = size + mode;此为二进制的加法 而不是十进制
// 设计目的:使用一个32位的二进制数,其中:32和31位代表测量模式(mode)、后30位代表测量大小(size)
// 例如size=100(4),mode=AT_MOST,则measureSpec=100+10000...00=10000..00100
return size + mode;
} else {
return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
}
}
//解包MeasureSpec:获取mode
@MeasureSpecMode
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
//noinspection ResourceType
// 即:测量模式(mode) = measureSpec & MODE_MASK;
// MODE_MASK = 运算遮罩 = 11 00000000000(11后跟30个0)
//原理:保留measureSpec的高2位(即测量模式)、使用0替换后30位
// 例如10 00..00100 & 11 00..00(11后跟30个0) = 10 00..00(AT_MOST),这样就得到了mode的值
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
//解包MeasureSpec:获取size
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
// size = measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK;
// 原理类似上面,即 将MODE_MASK取反,也就是变成了00 111111(00后跟30个1),将32,31替换成0也就是去掉mode,
//保留后30位的size
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
}
MeasureSpec类用一个变量封装了测量模式(mode)和测量大小(size):通过使用二进制,将测量模式(mode)和测量大小(size)打包成一个int值,并提供了打包和解包的方法,这样的做法是为了减少对象内存分配和提高存取效率。
SpecMode有三类UNSPECIFIED、EXACTLY和AT_MOST。
**UNSPECIFIED:**父容器不对View有任何限制,要多大给多大,这种情况一般用于系统内部,表示一种测量的状态;
**EXACTLY:**父容器已经检测出View所需要的精确大小,这个时候View的最终大小就是SpecSize所指定的值。它对应于LayoutParams中的match_parent和具体的数值这两种情况;
**AT_MOST:**父容器指定了一个可用大小,即SpecSize,View的大小不能大于这个值,具体是什么值要看不同View的具体实现。它对应于LayoutParams中的wrap_content。
二、MeasureSpec和LayoutParams的对应关系
MeasureSpec不是唯一由LayoutParams决定的,LayoutParams需要和父容器一起才能决定View的MeasureSpec,从而进一步决定View的宽/高。另外,对于顶级View(DecorView)和普通View来说,MeasureSpec的转换过程略有不同。对于DecorView,其MeasureSpec由窗口的尺寸和其自身的LayoutParams来共同确定;对于普通的View,其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParams来共同确定。MeasureSpec一旦确定后,onMeasure中就可以确定View的测量宽/高。
1、对于DecorView来说,在ViewRootImpl中的measureHierarchy()方法中实现了DecorView的MeasureSpec的创建过程,其中desiredWindowWidth、desiredWindowHeight是屏幕尺寸。
// android_build_9/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/ViewRootImpl.java
private boolean measureHierarchy(final View host, final WindowManager.LayoutParams lp,
final Resources res, final int desiredWindowWidth, final int desiredWindowHeight) {
int childWidthMeasureSpec;
int childHeightMeasureSpec;
...
childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width);
childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp.height);
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
...
}
private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
int measureSpec;
switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
// Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
break;
default:
// Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
}
return measureSpec;
}
根据上述代码,DecorView的MeasureSpec创建过程遵守如下规则,根据它的LayoutParams中的宽/高参数来划分。
**LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:**精确模式,大小是窗口的大小;
**LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:**最大模式,大小不定,但是不能超过窗口的大小;
**固定大小(比如100dp):**精确模式,大小为LayoutParams中指定的大小。
2、对于普通View来说,这里是指我们布局中的View,View的measure过程由ViewGroup传递而来,ViewGroupde measureChildWithMargins方法。
// android_build_9/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/ViewGroup.java
/**
* Ask one of the children of this view to measure itself, taking into
* account both the MeasureSpec requirements for this view and its padding
* and margins. The child must have MarginLayoutParams The heavy lifting is
* done in getChildMeasureSpec.
*
* @param child The child to measure
* @param parentWidthMeasureSpec The width requirements for this view
* @param widthUsed Extra space that has been used up by the parent
* horizontally (possibly by other children of the parent)
* @param parentHeightMeasureSpec The height requirements for this view
* @param heightUsed Extra space that has been used up by the parent
* vertically (possibly by other children of the parent)
*/
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
+ widthUsed, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
+ heightUsed, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
/**
* Does the hard part of measureChildren: figuring out the MeasureSpec to
* pass to a particular child. This method figures out the right MeasureSpec
* for one dimension (height or width) of one child view.
*
* The goal is to combine information from our MeasureSpec with the
* LayoutParams of the child to get the best possible results. For example,
* if the this view knows its size (because its MeasureSpec has a mode of
* EXACTLY), and the child has indicated in its LayoutParams that it wants
* to be the same size as the parent, the parent should ask the child to
* layout given an exact size.
*
* @param spec The requirements for this view
* @param padding The padding of this view for the current dimension and
* margins, if applicable
* @param childDimension How big the child wants to be in the current
* dimension
* @return a MeasureSpec integer for the child
*/
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
//noinspection ResourceType
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
measureChildWithMargins()方法会对子元素进行measure,在调用子元素的measure方法之前会先通过getChildMeasureSpec()方法来得到子元素的MeasureSpec。子元素的MeasureSpec的创建与付容器的MeasureSpec和子元素本身的LayoutParams有关,此外还和View的margin及padding有关。
getChildMeasureSpec()方法的主要作用是根据父容器的MeasureSpec(参数spec)同时结合View本身的LayoutParams(参数childDimension)来确定子元素的MeasureSpec,参数中的padding是指父容器中以占用的空间大小,因此子元素可用的大小为父容器的尺寸减去padding:
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
getChildMeasureSpec()方法以表格方式表示:
对于普通View,其MeasureSpec由父类容器的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParams来共同决定。当View采用固定宽/高的时候,不管不容器的MeasureSpec是什么,View的MeasureSpec都是精确模式并且大小遵循LayoutParams中的大小。当VIew的宽/高是match_parent时,如果父容器的模式是精确模式,那么View也是精确模式并且大小是父容器的剩余空间;如果父容器是最大模式,那么View也是最大模式并且大小不会超过父容器的剩余空间。当View的宽/高是wrap_content时,不管父容器的模式是精准还是最大化,View的模式总是最大化并且大小不能超过父容器的剩余空间。由于UNSPECIFIED模式适用于系统内部多次measure情况,很少用到,故此处不讨论。
**EXACTLY:**父容器已经检测出View所需要的精确大小,这个时候View的最终大小就是SpecSize所指定的值。它对应于LayoutParams中的match_parent和具体的数值这两种情况;
当布局文件中设置的为具体数值时
1)小于父容器最大数值:测量值为布局文件设置的值。
2)大于父容器最大数值:测量值为父容器最大数值。
3)设置为wrap_content: 测量值为父容器最大数值。
4)设置为match_parent:类型均为EXACTLY类型,测量值为测量值为父容器最大数值。
**AT_MOST:**父容器指定了一个可用大小,即SpecSize,View的大小不能大于这个值,具体是什么值要看不同View的具体实现。它对应于LayoutParams中的wrap_content。
1)小于父容器最大值:测量值为父容器最大值。
2)大于父容器最大数值:测量值为父容器最大数值。
3)设置为wrap_content: 测量值为父容器最大数值。
下一节,View的工作流程。