Java Thread线程详解

目录

一、介绍

二、线程生命周期（状态）

2.1、新建状态(NEW)：

2.2、就绪状态(RUNNABLE)：

2.3、阻塞状态(BLOCKED)：

2.4、线程死亡（DEAD）：

三、终止线程4种方式：

四、sleep与wait区别

五、start与run区别

六、java后台线程：

七、ExecutorServiceǃCallable、Future有返回值线程

八、线程同步

九、线程通信

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一、介绍

•  线程：线程是CPU调度的基本单位，也就是说在一个进程中可以有多个并发程序执行流，线程拓展了进程的概念，使得任务的执行得到更加的细分。线程是进程的执行单元，但是线程不是分配系统资源的单位，它们共享所在进程的资源，包括共享内存，公有数据，全局变量，进程文件描述符，进程处理器，进程代码段，进程用户ID等等。

• 线程独立拥有自己的线程ID，堆栈，程序计数器，局部变量，寄存器组值，优先级，信号屏蔽码，错误返回码等等，线程是独立运行的，其执行是抢占式的。线程共享进程资源，线程之间的通信要进程之间的通信来得容易得多。此外，线程的创建和销毁的开销也远远小于进程的系统开销。

• Thread类本质上是实现了Runnable接口的一个实例，代表一个线程的实例。启动线程的唯一方 法就是通过Thread类的start()实例方法。start()方法是一个native方法，它将启动一个新线 程，并执行run()方法。

public class Thread implements Runnable {
    /* Make sure registerNatives is the first thing <clinit> does. */

    /**
     * The synchronization object responsible for this thread's join/sleep/park operations.
     */
    private final Object lock = new Object();

    private volatile long nativePeer;

    boolean started = false;

    private volatile String name;

    private int         priority;
    private Thread      threadQ;
    private long        eetop;

    /* Whether or not to single_step this thread. */
    private boolean     single_step;

    /* Whether or not the thread is a daemon thread. */
    private boolean     daemon = false;

    /* JVM state */
    private boolean     stillborn = false;

    /* What will be run. */
    private Runnable target;

    /* The group of this thread */
    private ThreadGroup group;

    /* The context ClassLoader for this thread */
    private ClassLoader contextClassLoader;

    /* The inherited AccessControlContext of this thread */
    private AccessControlContext inheritedAccessControlContext;

    /* For autonumbering anonymous threads. */
    private static int threadInitNumber;
    private static synchronized int nextThreadNum() {
        return threadInitNumber++;
    }

    /* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained
     * by the ThreadLocal class. */
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;

    /*
     * InheritableThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is
     * maintained by the InheritableThreadLocal class.
     */
    ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;

    /*
     * The requested stack size for this thread, or 0 if the creator did
     * not specify a stack size.  It is up to the VM to do whatever it
     * likes with this number; some VMs will ignore it.
     */
    private long stackSize;

    /*
     * JVM-private state that persists after native thread termination.
     */
    private long nativeParkEventPointer;

    /*
     * Thread ID
     */
    private long tid;

    /* For generating thread ID */
    private static long threadSeqNumber;

    /* Java thread status for tools,
     * initialized to indicate thread 'not yet started'
     */

    private volatile int threadStatus = 0;


    private static synchronized long nextThreadID() {
        return ++threadSeqNumber;
    }

    /**
     * The argument supplied to the current call to
     * java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park.
     * Set by (private) java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.setBlocker
     * Accessed using java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.getBlocker
     */
    volatile Object parkBlocker;

    /* The object in which this thread is blocked in an interruptible I/O
     * operation, if any.  The blocker's interrupt method should be invoked
     * after setting this thread's interrupt status.
     */
    private volatile Interruptible blocker;
    private final Object blockerLock = new Object();
.
.
.}

• 自定义线程

public class MyThread extends Thre