join()

t.join()方法只会使主线程(或者说调用t.join()的线程)进入等待池并等待t线程执行完毕后才会被唤醒。并不影响同一时刻处在运行状态的其他线程。

可以看出,join()方法的底层是利用wait()方法实现的。可以看出,join方法是一个同步方法,当主线程调用t1.join()方法时,主线程先获得了t1对象的锁,随后进入方法,调用了t1对象的wait()方法,使主线程进入了t1对象的等待池,此时,A线程则还在执行,并且随后的t2.start()还没被执行,因此,B线程也还没开始。等到A线程执行完毕之后,主线程继续执行,走到了t2.start(),B线程才会开始执行。

    /**
     * Waits for this thread to die.
     *
     * <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same
     * way as the invocation
     *
     * <blockquote>
     * {@linkplain #join(long) join}{@code (0)}
     * </blockquote>
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final void join() throws InterruptedException {
        join(0);            //join()等同于join(0)
    }
    /**
     * Waits at most {@code millis} milliseconds for this thread to
     * die. A timeout of {@code 0} means to wait forever.
     *
     * <p> This implementation uses a loop of {@code this.wait} calls
     * conditioned on {@code this.isAlive}. As a thread terminates the
     * {@code this.notifyAll} method is invoked. It is recommended that
     * applications not use {@code wait}, {@code notify}, or
     * {@code notifyAll} on {@code Thread} instances.
     *
     * @param  millis
     *         the time to wait in milliseconds
     *
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException
     *          if the value of {@code millis} is negative
     *
     * @throws  InterruptedException
     *          if any thread has interrupted the current thread. The
     *          <i>interrupted status</i> of the current thread is
     *          cleared when this exception is thrown.
     */
    public final synchronized void join(long millis) throws InterruptedException {
        long base = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long now = 0;
 
        if (millis < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("timeout value is negative");
        }
 
        if (millis == 0) {
            while (isAlive()) {
                wait(0);           //join(0)等同于wait(0),即wait无限时间直到被notify
            }
        } else {
            while (isAlive()) {
                long delay = millis - now;
                if (delay <= 0) {
                    break;
                }
                wait(delay);
                now = System.currentTimeMillis() - base;
            }
        }
    }

PS:join源码中,只会调用wait方法,并没有在结束时调用notify,这是因为线程在die的时候会自动调用自身的notifyAll方法,来释放所有的资源和锁。

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