动态ALV（Field Symbol）

• Field Symbol 的几种特性

– 在程序 中 Field Symbol 允许动态访问变量

– Field Symbol 不占有自己特有的内存空间

– Field Symbol 的数据名与属性到执行时刻（ Runtime ）才能确定

– Field Symbol 可以指定所有数据对象

– 一旦 Field Symbol 被分配到，则它与一般数据对象没有太大区别。同样可以使用类似于 MOVE 之类的语句

– Field Symbol 可以明确指定数据类型，也可以不指定数据类型。若不指定，则会继承被分配的字段（对象）的数据类型

• Assign 语句的基本结构

– 静态 分配 – 字段名已知

• ASSIGN dobj TO < fs > .

– 动态分配 – 字段名无法知道

• ASSSIGN ( dobj ) TO < fs > .

• 将结构体字段分配到 Field Symbol 中

– ASSIGN COMPONENT comp OF STRUCTURE struc TO < fs > .

– Comp 可以为行编号或者字段名

• 类型更改，可以通过 casting 把一个不同类型的变量分配给一个 < fs >

– 隐 式型 变化： ASSIGN < var > TO < fs > CASTING.

– 显式型变化： ASSIGN <var> TO <fs> CASTING TYPE…

• 基本定义 语句

– 如果指定为 Generic Type ，必须使用 TYPE ANY TABLE

• 分配 语句

– ASSIGN itab TO < f_s > .

• 在读取时，需要使用动态指定方式读取字段

– READ TABLE < f_s > INTO structure WITH KEY ( dobj ) = val1.

– 明确指定 字段名会产生错误

• 内表循环修改

– LOOP 使用 ASSIGNING 语句，不需要使用 MODIFY 语句

– 直接 修改存储在内存中的值，所以可以省略内表值复制到结构体再执行 MODIFY 的过程，提高性能

• 目的

– 创建列数不确定的内表

• 步骤

– 动态 内表的 创建。首先 要定义动态结构，然后再根据定义的动态结构利用系统一个标准的 method ：” cl_alv_table_create => create_dynamic_table “ 生成动态内表 。

• 可以使用 DO 循环， 动态指定字段

– 动态 内表的 赋值。遍历 动态结构，获取指定的字段，然后给指定的字段赋值 。

• 可以使用 LOOP 循环中的 AT 事件，将基本表中的数据分块赋值到动态表中

动态内表的读取显示。与赋值相似，遍历动态结构，获取指定的字段，然后读取对应字段的值。或使用输出工具直接输出 

*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*& Report ZJJ_TEST_08
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
*&
*&---------------------------------------------------------------------*
REPORT zjj_test_08.

TABLES:mara,zcus_incom.
DATA gt_order TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF mara.
DATA gt_fieldcat  TYPE lvc_t_fcat.
DATA gs_fieldcat  TYPE lvc_s_fcat.
DATA gv_pos TYPE  int4.
DEFINE %%add_fieldcat.
  CLEAR gs_fieldcat.
  gv_pos = gv_pos + 1.
  gs_fieldcat-col_pos = gv_pos.
  gs_fieldcat-fieldname = &1.
  gs_fieldcat-scrtext_m = &2.
  gs_fieldcat-outputlen = 10.
  APPEND gs_fieldcat  TO gt_fieldcat.
END-OF-DEFINITION.
FIELD-SYMBOLS:<ft_vb>    TYPE STANDARD TABLE,
              <fs_vb>    TYPE any,
              <fv_field> TYPE any.

PARAMETERS:p_year TYPE zcus_incom-zyear.
SELECT-OPTIONS:s_month  FOR zcus_incom-zmonth.

START-OF-SELECTION.
  PERFORM get_data.



FORM get_data.
  DATA lt_data TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF zcus_incom.
  DATA ls_data1 TYPE zcus_incom.
  DATA lv_cnt TYPE int4.
  DATA lv_month TYPE  zcus_incom-zmonth.
  DATA lv_month1 TYPE int4 value 1.
  DATA lv_monthstr TYPE char10.
  DATA lv_fieldname TYPE string.
  DATA: lt_newtable TYPE REF TO data,
        ls_newline  TYPE REF TO data.

  SELECT * FROM zcus_incom INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE @lt_data WHERE zmonth IN @s_month.

  SORT lt_data BY company zyear zmonth.
  READ TABLE s_month INTO DATA(ls_month) INDEX 1.
  ls_month-high = COND #( WHEN ls_month-high IS INITIAL THEN 12 ELSE ls_month-high ).
  ls_month-low = COND #( WHEN ls_month-low IS INITIAL THEN 12 ELSE 1 ).
  lv_cnt = ls_month-high - ls_month-low + 1.

  %%add_fieldcat 'COMPANY' '公司'.
  %%add_fieldcat 'ZYEAR' '年份'.


  DO 12 TIMES.
    lv_month =  sy-index.
    IF lv_month IN s_month.
      lv_monthstr = |{ lv_month1 }月|.
      lv_fieldname = |MONTH_{ lv_month }|.
      CONDENSE lv_fieldname NO-GAPS.
      %%add_fieldcat lv_fieldname lv_monthstr.
    ENDIF.
    lv_month1 = lv_month1 + 1.
    CLEAR:lv_fieldname,lv_monthstr.
  ENDDO.
  %%add_fieldcat 'WEARS' '货币单位'.

  CALL METHOD cl_alv_table_create=>create_dynamic_table
    EXPORTING
*     i_style_table             =
      it_fieldcatalog           = gt_fieldcat
*     i_length_in_byte          =
    IMPORTING
      ep_table                  = lt_newtable
*     e_style_fname             =
    EXCEPTIONS
      generate_subpool_dir_full = 1
*     others                    = 2
    .
  IF sy-subrc <> 0.
*   Implement suitable error handling here
  ENDIF.

  ASSIGN lt_newtable->* TO <ft_vb>.
  CREATE DATA ls_newline LIKE LINE OF <ft_vb>.
  ASSIGN ls_newline->* TO <fs_vb>.
  " SORT lt_data BY zyear company.
  LOOP AT lt_data INTO DATA(ls_data).

    MOVE-CORRESPONDING ls_data TO  ls_data1.


    AT NEW  company.
      ASSIGN COMPONENT 'COMPANY' OF STRUCTURE <fs_vb> TO <fv_field>.
      <fv_field> = ls_data1-company.
      ASSIGN COMPONENT 'ZYEAR' OF STRUCTURE <fs_vb> TO <fv_field>.
      <fv_field> = ls_data1-zyear.
      ASSIGN COMPONENT 'WEARS' OF STRUCTURE <fs_vb> TO <fv_field>.
      <fv_field> = ls_data1-wears.
    ENDAT.

    lv_fieldname = |MONTH_{ ls_data1-zmonth }|.
    CONDENSE lv_fieldname NO-GAPS.
    ASSIGN COMPONENT lv_fieldname  OF STRUCTURE <fs_vb> TO <fv_field>.
    <fv_field> = ls_data1-income.

    AT END OF company.
      APPEND <fs_vb> TO <ft_vb>.
    ENDAT.
    CLEAR :ls_data,ls_data1.
  ENDLOOP.

  IF <ft_vb> IS NOT INITIAL.

    CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY_LVC'
      EXPORTING
*       I_INTERFACE_CHECK  = ' '
*       I_BYPASSING_BUFFER =
*       I_BUFFER_ACTIVE    =
        i_callback_program = sy-repid
*       I_CALLBACK_PF_STATUS_SET          = ' '
*       I_CALLBACK_USER_COMMAND           = ' '
*       I_CALLBACK_TOP_OF_PAGE            = ' '
*       I_CALLBACK_HTML_TOP_OF_PAGE       = ' '
*       I_CALLBACK_HTML_END_OF_LIST       = ' '
*       I_STRUCTURE_NAME   =
*       I_BACKGROUND_ID    = ' '
*       I_GRID_TITLE       =
*       I_GRID_SETTINGS    =
*       IS_LAYOUT_LVC      =
        it_fieldcat_lvc    = gt_fieldcat
*       IT_EXCLUDING       =
*       IT_SPECIAL_GROUPS_LVC             =
*       IT_SORT_LVC        =
*       IT_FILTER_LVC      =
*       IT_HYPERLINK       =
*       IS_SEL_HIDE        =
*       I_DEFAULT          = 'X'
*       I_SAVE             = ' '
*       IS_VARIANT         =
*       IT_EVENTS          =
*       IT_EVENT_EXIT      =
*       IS_PRINT_LVC       =
*       IS_REPREP_ID_LVC   =
*       I_SCREEN_START_COLUMN             = 0
*       I_SCREEN_START_LINE               = 0
*       I_SCREEN_END_COLUMN               = 0
*       I_SCREEN_END_LINE  = 0
*       I_HTML_HEIGHT_TOP  =
*       I_HTML_HEIGHT_END  =
*       IT_ALV_GRAPHICS    =
*       IT_EXCEPT_QINFO_LVC               =
*       IR_SALV_FULLSCREEN_ADAPTER        =
*                    IMPORTING
*       E_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_CALLER           =
*       ES_EXIT_CAUSED_BY_USER            =
      TABLES
        t_outtab           = <ft_vb>
      EXCEPTIONS
        program_error      = 1
        OTHERS             = 2.
    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
* Implement suitable error handling here
    ENDIF.

  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.

执行效果如下：根据筛选项展示不同的月份数据