Bash学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 19:39:45 发布

Jarson

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-05 19:39:45 发布

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文章标签： bash script# search action gcc null

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zjs198874/article/details/7997366

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                   内容：

                              （1）   环境变量；

                               （2）   字符串截取；

（3） if 关键字；

                          （1）环境变量

                           定义一个环境变量:$ myvar='This is my environment variable!'

                          输出上面定义的环境变量：$ echo $myvar

                                                                    This is my environment variable!

                           环境变量扩充：$ echo foo${myvar}bar

                                                     fooThis is my environment variable!bar

                          在程序中得到环境变量的值：

                                          程序代码：myvar.c

                                                #include <stdio.h>

                                              #include <stdlib.h>

                                            int main(void)

                                              {

                                         char *myenvvar=getenv("EDITOR");

                                       printf("The editor environment variable is set to %s\n",myenvvar);

                                                 }

                      编译并运行程序：

                                                $ gcc myenv.c -o myenv

                                               $ EDITOR=xemacs

                                                  $ export EDITOR

                                                 $ ./myenv

                                               The editor environment variable is set to xemacs

                         清空环境变量：$ unset EDITOR

                                                   $ ./myenv

                                                    The editor environment variable is set to (null)

                                   （2）字符串截取

                                                 方式一：

                               $ basename /usr/local/share/doc/foo/foo.txt
                              foo.txt
                             $ basename /usr/home/drobbins
                                drobbins

                                                方式二：

                                   $ dirname /usr/local/share/doc/foo/foo.txt
                                   /usr/local/share/doc/foo
                                  $ dirname /usr/home/drobbins/
                                  /usr/home

                                             方式三：

$ MYVAR=foodforthought.jpg
$ echo ${MYVAR##*fo}
rthought.jpg
$ echo ${MYVAR#*fo}
odforthought.jpg

                                    方式四：

$ MYFOO="chickensoup.tar.gz"
$ echo ${MYFOO%%.*}
chickensoup
$ echo ${MYFOO%.*}
chickensoup.tar

                                方式五：

$ EXCLAIM=cowabunga
$ echo ${EXCLAIM:0:3}
cow
$ echo ${EXCLAIM:3:7}
abunga

                          命令替换：

     $ MYDIR=`dirname /usr/local/share/doc/foo/foo.txt`
$ echo $MYDIR
/usr/local/share/doc/foo

$ MYDIR=$(dirname /usr/local/share/doc/foo/foo.txt)
$ echo $MYDIR
/usr/local/share/doc/foo

字符串截取应用：
mytar.sh -- a sample script
#!/bin/bash

if [ "${1##*.}" = "tar" ]
then
        echo This appears to be a tarball.
else
        echo At first glance, this does not appear to be a tarball.
fi

chmod 755 mytar.sh
$ ./mytar.sh thisfile.tar
This appears to be a tarball.
$ ./mytar.sh thatfile.gz
At first glance, this does not appear to be a tarball.

（3） if 关键字
if [ condition ]
then
        action
elif [ condition2 ]
then
        action2
.
.
.
elif [ condition3 ]
then

else
        actionx
fi