755. Reach a Number

You are standing at position 0 on an infinite number line. There is a goal at position target.

On each move, you can either go left or right. During the n-th move (starting from 1), you take n steps.

Return the minimum number of steps required to reach the destination.

Example 1:

Input: target = 3
Output: 2
Explanation:
On the first move we step from 0 to 1.
On the second step we step from 1 to 3.

Example 2:

Input: target = 2
Output: 3
Explanation:
On the first move we step from 0 to 1.
On the second move we step  from 1 to -1.
On the third move we step from -1 to 2.

Note:

• target will be a non-zero integer in the range [-10^9, 10^9].
  

  DFS会超时，

  数学解法

  class Solution:
      def reachNumber(self, target):
          """
          :type target: int
          :rtype: int
          """
          target, t, step = abs(target), 0, 1
          while 1:
              t += step
              if t==target: return step
              if t>target and (t-target)%2==0: return step
              step += 1