Linux硬件信息查询

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-17 14:39:25 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-17 14:39:25 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/zjz5740/article/details/115652228

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一、lshw和getinfo

1、lshw 是一个能帮我们列出硬件信息的小工具，它能为我们提供内存配置、固件版本、主板配置信息、CPU版本和速度、cache信息、总线速度等。它能运行在 DMI兼容的 x86、IA-64和一些 PowerPC的平台上。目前支持 DMI (x86 and IA-64 only), OpenFirmware device tree (PowerPC only), PCI/AGP, CPUID (x86), IDE/ATA/ATAPI, PCMCIA (only tested on x86), SCSI 和 USB。

-version       ：显示 lshw的版本
-help          ：显示帮助信息
-X             ：启动图形界面
-html          ：将设备信息以 html的格式输出
-xml           ：将设备信息以 xml的格式输出
-json          ：将设备信息以 json的格式输出
-short         ：带有设置路径的简短输出(类似与 HP-UX的 ioscan输出形式)
-businfo       ：输出详细的总线信息(包含 SCSI, USB, IDE and PCI地址)
-dump filename ：将收集到的信息输出到一个SQLite数据库中
-class class   ：仅仅显示指定类型的硬件，在使用 lshw -short or lshw -businfo时我们能见到这写 class，
                 常见的有这些：system、bus、memory、processor、bridge、display、communication、
                          multimedia、network、disk、volume、powoer
-C class       ：等同与 -class class
-enable test   ：启用测试，测试项能包含这些：
                 dmi (for DMI/SMBIOS extensions)
                 device-tree (for OpenFirmware device tree)
                 spd (for memory Serial Presence Detect)
                 memory (for memory-size guessing heuristics)
                 cpuinfo (for kernel-reported CPU  detection)
                 cpuid  (for  CPU  detection)
                 pci  (for  PCI/AGP access)
                 isapnp  (for ISA PnP extensions)
                 pcmcia (for PCMCIA/PCCARD)
                 ide (for IDE/ATAPI)
                 usb (for USB devices)
                 scsi (for SCSI)
                 network (for net‐work interfaces detection)
-disable test
-quiet         ：不现实状态
-sanitize      ：移除IP地址、序列号等敏感信息
-numeric       ：显示 PCI和USB设备的数字 ID
它在运行的时候会都去下列文件：

/usr/local/share/pci.ids
/usr/share/pci.ids
/etc/pci.ids
/usr/share/hwdata/pci.ids  ：A list of all known PCI ID's (vendors, devices, classes and subclasses).
/proc/bus/pci/*            ：Used to access the configuration of installed PCI busses and devices.
/proc/ide/*                ：Used to access the configuration of installed IDE busses and devices.
/proc/scsi/*, /dev/sg*     ：Used to access the configuration of installed SCSI devices.
/dev/cpu/*/cpuid           ：Used on x86 platforms to access CPU-specific configuration.
/proc/device-tree/*        ：Used on PowerPC platforms to access OpenFirmware configuration.
/proc/bus/usb/*            ：Used to access the configuration of installed USB busses and devices.
/sys/*                     ：Used on 2.6 kernels to access hardware/driver configuration information.

显示设备列表，输出包括设备路径(path)、类别(class)以及简单描述：

# lshw -short

显示设备列表，输出包括总线信息、SCSI、USB、IDE、PCI地址等：

# lshw -businfo

显示内存相关的硬件：

# lshw -C memory

2、getinfo

# getconf -a 
LINK_MAX                           2147483647
_POSIX_LINK_MAX                    2147483647
MAX_CANON                          255
_POSIX_MAX_CANON                   255
MAX_INPUT                          255

查看系统分页大小

#getconf PAGE_SIZE
4096

查看系统位数

#getconf LONG_BIT
64

二、查看服务器硬件信息

(1)查看服务器型号、序列号

$ sudo dmidecode|grep "System Information" -A9|egrep  "Manufacturer|Product|Serial"
	Manufacturer: NULL
	Product Name: NULL
	Serial Number: 217489153

(2)查看主板型号

# dmidecode | grep -A16 "System Information$"

$ sudo dmidecode |grep -A16 "System Information$"
System Information
	Manufacturer: NULL
	Product Name: NULL
	Version: 00001
	Serial Number: 217489153
	UUID: 8585f61c-e6e9-11e7-b3fe-7df14fc9cc02
	Wake-up Type: Power Switch
	SKU Number: Default string
	Family: Default string

Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytes
Base Board Information
	Manufacturer: NULL
	Product Name: NULL
	Version: 0
	Serial Number: MBHB16W10052A80
	Asset Tag: 217489153

(3)查看BIOS信息

# dmidecode -t bios

(4)查看内存槽及内存条

# dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -23

(5)查看网卡信息

dmesg | grep -i Ethernet

(6) 查看pci信息，即主板所有硬件槽信息

lspci | head -10

三、查看CPU信息

# 总核数 = 物理CPU个数 X 每颗物理CPU的核数 # 总逻辑CPU数 = 物理CPU个数 X 每颗物理CPU的核数 X 超线程数

判断是否开启了抄超线程：
如果多个逻辑CPU的"physical id"和"core id"均相同，说明开启了超线程
逻辑CPU个数 > 物理CPU个数 * CPU内核数开启了超线程
逻辑CPU个数 = 物理CPU个数 * CPU内核数没有开启超线程

1)查看cpu型号

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
     32  Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2640 v3 @ 2.60GHz

2)查看系统中实际物理CPU的数量

# grep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l

3)系统中实际物理CPU的数量(核数)，即查看逻辑CPU个数

# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'processor'|wc -l
# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "processor"|sort -u|wc -l

4)查看每个物理CPU中core的个数(即核数)

$ sudo cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep "cores"|uniq
cpu cores    : 8

5)查看CPU的主频

# cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep MHz|uniq 
cpu MHz         : 1200.000
cpu MHz         : 2300.000
cpu MHz         : 1200.000

6)每个物理CPU上逻辑CPU个数：

$ sudo grep "siblings" /proc/cpuinfo|uniq
siblings	: 16

7)查看cpu运行模式

# getconf LONG_BIT
64

8)查看cpu是否支持64bit

#  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l
40
(结果大于0, 说明支持64bit计算. lm指long mode, 支持lm则是64bit)

9)一次性查询所有信息：

#!/bin/bash

physicalNumber=0

coreNumber=0

logicalNumber=0

HTNumber=0

logicalNumber=$(grep "processor" /proc/cpuinfo|sort -u|wc -l)

physicalNumber=$(grep "physical id" /proc/cpuinfo|sort -u|wc -l)

coreNumber=$(grep "cpu cores" /proc/cpuinfo|uniq|awk -F':' '{print $2}'|xargs)

HTNumber=$((logicalNumber / (physicalNumber * coreNumber)))

echo "****** CPU Information ******"

echo "Logical CPU Number  : ${logicalNumber}"

echo "Physical CPU Number : ${physicalNumber}"

echo "CPU Core Number     : ${coreNumber}"

echo "HT Number           : ${HTNumber}"

echo "*****************************"

四、查看内存信息

1)查看内存硬件信息

$ sudo  dmidecode -t memory | head -45 | tail -24
	Set: None
	Locator: CHA_0
	Bank Locator: A1_Node0_Channel0_Dimm0
	Type: DDR4
	Type Detail: Synchronous
	Speed: 2400 MT/s
	Manufacturer: Samsung
	Serial Number: 36AF6765
	Asset Tag: CHA_0_AssetTag
	Part Number: M393A4K40BB1-CRC
	Rank: 2
	Configured Memory Speed: 1867 MT/s
	Minimum Voltage: 1.2 V
	Maximum Voltage: 1.2 V
	Configured Voltage: 1.2 V

Handle 0x0040, DMI type 17, 40 bytes
Memory Device
	Array Handle: 0x003C
	Error Information Handle: Not Provided
	Total Width: Unknown
	Data Width: Unknown
	Size: No Module Installed
	Form Factor: Unknown

2)最大支持多少内存

$ sudo dmidecode|grep -P 'Maximum\s+Capacity'
	Maximum Capacity: 768 GB
	Maximum Capacity: 768 GB

3)Linux 查看内存的插槽数,已经使用多少插槽.每条内存多大：

$ sudo dmidecode|grep -A5 "Memory Device" | grep Size| grep -v Rang
	Size: 32 GB
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: 32 GB
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: 32 GB
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: 32 GB
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed
	Size: No Module Installed

4)Linux 查看内存的频率：

# dmidecode|grep -A16 "Memory Device"|grep 'Speed'

5) 查看挂接的分区状态

# mount | column -t
/dev/sda2  on  /                         type  ext4         (rw)
proc       on  /proc                     type  proc         (rw)
sysfs      on  /sys                      type  sysfs        (rw)
devpts     on  /dev/pts                  type  devpts       (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs      on  /dev/shm                  type  tmpfs        (rw)
/dev/sda1  on  /boot                     type  ext4         (rw)
/dev/sda3  on  /home                     type  ext4         (rw)
/dev/sda6  on  /tmp                      type  ext4         (rw)
/dev/sda7  on  /usr                      type  ext4         (rw)
/dev/sdb1  on  /PureDisk                 type  ext4         (rw)

7) 硬盘检测命令smartctl

# smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 5.43 2012-06-30 r3573 [x86_64-linux-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-12 by Bruce Allen, http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net

Vendor:               HP      
Product:              LOGICAL VOLUME  
Revision:             3.56
User Capacity:        299,966,445,568 bytes [299 GB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Logical Unit id:      0x600508b1001cc8a1b9ec4dacc5ab35dc
Serial number:        PDNNK0BRH9U0AG  
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Mon Feb  5 13:13:33 2018 CST
Device supports SMART and is Enabled
Temperature Warning Disabled or Not Supported
SMART Health Status: OK

Error Counter logging not supported
Device does not support Self Test logging

8)查看网卡硬件信息

$  lspci | grep -i 'eth'
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
02:00.1 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I350 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 01)
84:00.0 Ethernet controller: Mellanox Technologies MT27700 Family [ConnectX-4]
84:00.1 Ethernet controller: Mellanox Technologies MT27700 Family [ConnectX-4]

9)查看所有网卡的链路状态

# for i in `seq 0 9`;do ethtool eth${i} | egrep 'eth|Link';done

五、列出所有PCI设备信息

# lspci -tv | more
-+-[0000:ff]-+-08.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0
 |           +-08.3  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 0
 |           +-09.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1
 |           +-09.3  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 QPI Link 1
 |           +-0b.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
 |           +-0b.1  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
 |           +-0b.2  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 R3 QPI Link 0 & 1 Monitoring
 |           +-0c.0  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
 |           +-0c.1  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
 |           +-0c.2  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
 |           +-0c.3  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
 |           +-0c.4  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
 |           +-0c.5  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
 |           +-0c.6  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers
 |           +-0c.7  Intel Corporation Xeon E7 v3/Xeon E5 v3/Core i7 Unicast Registers

hdparm -i /dev/hda # 查看磁盘参数(仅适用于IDE设备)

dmesg | grep IDE # 查看启动时IDE设备检测状况网络

crontab -l # 查看当前用户的计划任务服务

chkconfig –list # 列出所有系统服务#

chkconfig –list | grep on # 列出所有启动的系统服务程序

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Linux硬件信息查询

一、lshw和getinfo1、lshw 是一个能帮我们列出硬件信息的小工具，它能为我们提供内存配置、固件版本、主板配置信息、CPU版本和速度、cache信息、总线速度等。它能运行在 DMI兼容的 x86、IA-64和一些 PowerPC的平台上。目前支持 DMI (x86 and IA-64 only), OpenFirmware device tree (PowerPC only), PC...
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