java用私有构造器或者枚举类实现单例

1,创建一个最简单的单例,同时为了防止反射破坏单例,在被要求创建第二个实例的时候,可以修改构造器,进行异常处理.为了防止反序列化每次都会创建一个新的实例,可以在类中加入readResolve

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Demo implements Serializable {
    private static boolean flag = false;
    // 防止对象二次创建
    private Demo() {
        if (!flag) {
            flag = true;
        } else {
            throw new RuntimeException("已经创建对象!");
        }
    }
    private static Demo demo = new Demo();

    public static Demo getInstance() {
        return  demo;
    }
    // 为了维护并保证单列,所有实例域必须是瞬时的(transient),提供一个readResolve方法,防止反序列化时创建一个新的实例
    private Object readResolve() {
        return demo;
    }
}

测试代码集结果

    @Test
    public void demo1() throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        Demo instance = Demo.getInstance();
        Demo instance1 = Demo.getInstance();
        System.out.println(instance);
        System.out.println(instance1);
        System.out.println(instance.equals(instance1));
        Constructor<Demo> declaredConstructor = Demo.class.getDeclaredConstructor();
        declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        Demo demo = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
        Demo demo1 = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
        System.out.println(demo);
        System.out.println(demo1);
        System.out.println(demo.equals(demo1));
    }

2,枚举类实现单例更为简单而且绝对防止多次是实例化,代码如下

public enum Demo1 {
    INSTANCE;

    public void check() {
        System.out.println("单元素枚举类实现单例,防止实例化");
    }
}

测试代码及结果

  @Test
    public void demo2() {
        Demo1 instance = Demo1.INSTANCE;
        instance.check();
    }