在上一篇文章Nginx学习之路(四)NginX的子进程主循环中,说明了nginx的worker进程主要的任务,今天,就来讲解下nginx的主进程(worker进程)的主要任务。
首先要先区分一下概念,虽然nginx也是一个reactors式的服务器(用陈硕老师的话来说就是reactors in process),但它和主从reactor式服务器又有一定的区别,区别主要就是这个master进程,这个master进程不同于一般的主从式reactor(一般的主从式reactor设计会是主reactor负责将连接accept下来,然后再将connection fd挂载到子reactor中),这个master进程的主要任务就是监听信号的,也就是对nginx的一些命令做处理(还记得在之前提到的nginx中的命令处理都是通过信号来处理的吗),然后再将这些处理通过sockerpair()或者信号等方式通知给worker进程,master进程同时监控worker进程的运行状态,当worker进程退出后(异常情况下),会自动重新启动新的worker进程。同时,这个master进程负责listen这个整个服务器的listen fd,然后worker进程通过竞争accept lock来将连接从全连接队列里取出来,nginx也是通过这个竞争accept lock的方式避免的惊群现象。
下面我们来通过代码看下nginx的master进程是如何工作的,master进程的主循环函数就是ngx_master_process_cycle():
ngx_master_process_cycle(ngx_cycle_t *cycle)
{
char *title;
u_char *p;
size_t size;
ngx_int_t i;
ngx_uint_t n, sigio;
sigset_t set;
struct itimerval itv;
ngx_uint_t live;
ngx_msec_t delay;
ngx_listening_t *ls;
ngx_core_conf_t *ccf;
sigemptyset(&set);
sigaddset(&set, SIGCHLD);
sigaddset(&set, SIGALRM);
sigaddset(&set, SIGIO);
sigaddset(&set, SIGINT);
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_RECONFIGURE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_NOACCEPT_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
sigaddset(&set, ngx_signal_value(NGX_CHANGEBIN_SIGNAL));
if (sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"sigprocmask() failed");
}
sigemptyset(&set);
size = sizeof(master_process);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
size += ngx_strlen(ngx_argv[i]) + 1;
}
title = ngx_pnalloc(cycle->pool, size);
if (title == NULL) {
/* fatal */
exit(2);
}
p = ngx_cpymem(title, master_process, sizeof(master_process) - 1);
for (i = 0; i < ngx_argc; i++) {
*p++ = ' ';
p = ngx_cpystrn(p, (u_char *) ngx_argv[i], size);
}
ngx_setproctitle(title);
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx, ngx_core_module);
//开始生成进程
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
/*调用ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0)启动文件cache管理进程,有些模块需要文件cache,比如fastcgi模块,
这些模块会把文件cache路径添加到cycle->paths中,文件cache管理进程会定期调用这些模块的文件cache处理钩子处理一下文件cache;*/
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_new_binary = 0;
delay = 0;
sigio = 0;
live = 1;
for ( ;; ) {
//delay用来设置等待worker进程退出的时间,master接受退出信号后,
//首先发送退出信号给worker,而worker退出需要一些时间
if (delay) {
if (ngx_sigalrm) {
sigio = 0;
delay *= 2;
ngx_sigalrm = 0;
}
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"termination cycle: %M", delay);
itv.it_interval.tv_sec = 0;
itv.it_interval.tv_usec = 0;
itv.it_value.tv_sec = delay / 1000;
itv.it_value.tv_usec = (delay % 1000 ) * 1000;
//设置定时器,以系统真实时间来计算,送出SIGALRM信号
if (setitimer(ITIMER_REAL, &itv, NULL) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_ALERT, cycle->log, ngx_errno,
"setitimer() failed");
}
}
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "sigsuspend");
//每次处理完一个信号,master进程会被挂起,直到有新的信号到来
sigsuspend(&set);
ngx_time_update();
ngx_log_debug1(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0,
"wake up, sigio %i", sigio);
//收到了SIGCHLD信号,有worker异常退出(ngx_reap == 1)
if (ngx_reap) {
ngx_reap = 0;
ngx_log_debug0(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_EVENT, cycle->log, 0, "reap children");
live = ngx_reap_children(cycle);
}
//如果所有worker进程都退出了,并且收到SIGTERM信号或SIGINT信号或SIGQUIT信号等,
//master进程开始处理退出
if (!live && (ngx_terminate || ngx_quit)) {
ngx_master_process_exit(cycle);
}
//并且收到SIGTERM信号或SIGINT信号退出信号,设置推出延迟时间
if (ngx_terminate) {
if (delay == 0) {
delay = 50;
}
if (sigio) {
sigio--;
continue;
}
//总的子进程个数
sigio = ccf->worker_processes + 2 /* cache processes */;
if (delay > 1000) {
//延时大于1000,给所有worker进程发送SIGKILL,强制杀死所有worker进程
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle, SIGKILL);
} else {
//给所有worker进程发送SIGTERM信号,通知worker退出
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_TERMINATE_SIGNAL));
}
continue;
}
//收到SIGQUIT信号
if (ngx_quit) {
//给所有worker进程发送SIGQUIT信号
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
//关闭所有监听套接字socket
ls = cycle->listening.elts;
for (n = 0; n < cycle->listening.nelts; n++) {
if (ngx_close_socket(ls[n].fd) == -1) {
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_EMERG, cycle->log, ngx_socket_errno,
ngx_close_socket_n " %V failed",
&ls[n].addr_text);
}
}
cycle->listening.nelts = 0;
continue;
}
//收到SIGHUP信号,
if (ngx_reconfigure) {
ngx_reconfigure = 0;
//如果是平滑升级程序,则重启worker进程,不许要重新初始化配置
if (ngx_new_binary) {
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
ngx_noaccepting = 0;
continue;
}
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reconfiguring");
//不是平滑升级,重新读取配置
cycle = ngx_init_cycle(cycle);
if (cycle == NULL) {
cycle = (ngx_cycle_t *) ngx_cycle;
continue;
}
ngx_cycle = cycle;
ccf = (ngx_core_conf_t *) ngx_get_conf(cycle->conf_ctx,
ngx_core_module);
//重启worker进程
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_JUST_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 1);
/* allow new processes to start */
ngx_msleep(100);
live = 1;
//向所有的old worker进程发送SIGQUIT信号
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
//重启
if (ngx_restart) {
ngx_restart = 0;
ngx_start_worker_processes(cycle, ccf->worker_processes,
NGX_PROCESS_RESPAWN);
ngx_start_cache_manager_processes(cycle, 0);
live = 1;
}
//收到SIGUSR1信号
if (ngx_reopen) {
ngx_reopen = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "reopening logs");
//重新打开所有的文件
ngx_reopen_files(cycle, ccf->user);
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_REOPEN_SIGNAL));
}
//收到SIGUSR2信号,热带码替换
if (ngx_change_binary) {
ngx_change_binary = 0;
ngx_log_error(NGX_LOG_NOTICE, cycle->log, 0, "changing binary");
//执行新的程序
ngx_new_binary = ngx_exec_new_binary(cycle, ngx_argv);
}
//收到SIGWINCH信号不再接受请求,向所有worker进程发送SIGQUIT
if (ngx_noaccept) {
ngx_noaccept = 0;
ngx_noaccepting = 1;
//worker进程优雅退出
ngx_signal_worker_processes(cycle,
ngx_signal_value(NGX_SHUTDOWN_SIGNAL));
}
}
}