Python学习之字典(dict)

Python学习之字典(dict)

一、基本属性

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}

# 索引
print(di["name"])
# Mike

# 长度
print(len(di))
# 4

# 遍历
# 1.遍历键
for i in di:
    print(i),
# username age password name
print()

# 2.遍历值
for i in di.viewvalues():
    print(i),
# admin 27 1234 Mike
print()

# 3.遍历键值对
for k,v in di.viewitems():
    print(k),
    print(v)
# username admin
# age 27
# password 1234
# name Mike

二、内部其他方法

1.def clear(self)

清空字典

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}

di.clear()
print(di)

# {}

2.def copy(self):

浅拷贝

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}

di_copy = di.copy()
print(di_copy)

# {'username': 'admin', 'age': 27, 'password': '1234', 'name': 'Mike'}

3.def get(self, k, d=None)

获取列表中某个key对应的value(当对应value不存在时,返回None)

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}
print(di.get("username"))
print(di.get("user"))

# admin
# None

4.def has_key(self, k)

判断字典是否包含k这个键

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}
print(di.has_key("username"))
print(di.has_key("user"))

# True
# False

5.def items(self)

返回字典中的键值对

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}
print(di.items())

# [('username', 'admin'), ('age', 27), ('password', '1234'), ('name', 'Mike')]

6.def keys(self)

返回字典中所有的键的列表

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}
print(di.keys())

# ['username', 'age', 'password', 'name']

7.def pop(self, k, d=None)

移除k对应的键值对,返回value,如果不存在,则返回默认值d,如果没有参数d,则返回异常

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}
print(di.pop("password"))
print(di)
print(di.pop("user","不存在"))

# 1234
# {'username': 'admin', 'age': 27, 'name': 'Mike'}
# 不存在

8.def popitem(self)

移除字典尾部的键值对并以元组的方式返回

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}
print(di.popitem())
print(di)

# ('username', 'admin')
# {'age': 27, 'password': '1234', 'name': 'Mike'}

9.def setdefault(self, k, d=None)

创建一组键值对并返回value,如key不存在,则创建,如果key存在,则返回value,不更改原值

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}
print(di.setdefault("user","apple"))
print(di)
print(di.setdefault("username","apple"))
print(di)

# apple
# {'username': 'admin', 'age': 27, 'password': '1234', 'name': 'Mike', 'user': 'apple'}
# admin
# {'username': 'admin', 'age': 27, 'password': '1234', 'name': 'Mike', 'user': 'apple'}

10.def update(self, E=None, **F)

用新的字典更新字典(有则改之,无则加上)

# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-

di = {"username":"admin", "password":"1234", "name":"Mike", "age":27}
di_2 = {"a1":"123", "a2":"456","name":"Jordan"}
di.update(di_2)
print(di)

# {'username': 'admin', 'a1': '123', 'a2': '456', 'name': 'Jordan', 'age': 27, 'password': '1234'}

11.def values(self)

返回字典中的value列表