Spring Boot 提供了一个发送邮件的简单抽象,使用的是下面这个接口。
org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender
Spring Boot 提供了一个 starter
,并能自动配置,下面来做个小例子,顺便解析它做了什么工作。
0、你所需具备的基础
1、添加依赖
在 Maven pom.xml
配置文件中加入 spring-boot-starter-mail
依赖。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、添加配置参数
然后在 application.properties
文件中加入以下配置。
spring.mail.host=smtp.exmail.qq.com
spring.mail.username=admin@javastack.cn
spring.mail.password=123456
# 启动SSL时的配置
spring.mail.smtp.socketFactory.class=javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory
spring.mail.smtp.socketFactory.fallback=false
spring.mail.smtp.socketFactory.port=465
3、一个简单的发送邮件例子
写一个控制器,写一个简单的发送邮件的小例子,发送成功返回 true
,发送失败返回 false
。
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender javaMailSender;
@RequestMapping("/sendEmail")
@ResponseBody
public boolean sendEmail() {
SimpleMailMessage msg = new SimpleMailMessage();
msg.setFrom("admin@javastack.cn");
msg.setBcc();
msg.setTo("admin@javastack.cn");
msg.setSubject("Java技术栈投稿");
msg.setText("技术分享");
try {
javaMailSender.send(msg);
} catch (MailException ex) {
System.err.println(ex.getMessage());
return false;
}
return true;
}
4、自动配置都做了什么?
Spring Boot 发现类路径下有这个 spring-boot-starter-mail
包和 spring.mail.host
参数就会自动配置 JavaMailSenderImpl
。
上面那些 spring.mail.xx
参数用来装配 MailProperties
这个类。
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailProperties
自动配置类:
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ MimeMessage.class, MimeType.class, MailSender.class })
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(MailSender.class)
@Conditional(MailSenderCondition.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(MailProperties.class)
@Import({ MailSenderJndiConfiguration.class, MailSenderPropertiesConfiguration.class })
public class MailSenderAutoConfiguration {
/**
* Condition to trigger the creation of a {@link MailSender}. This kicks in if either
* the host or jndi name property is set.
*/
static class MailSenderCondition extends AnyNestedCondition {
MailSenderCondition() {
super(ConfigurationPhase.PARSE_CONFIGURATION);
}
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mail", name = "host")
static class HostProperty {
}
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mail", name = "jndi-name")
static class JndiNameProperty {
}
}
}
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderPropertiesConfiguration
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mail", name = "host")
class MailSenderPropertiesConfiguration {
private final MailProperties properties;
MailSenderPropertiesConfiguration(MailProperties properties) {
this.properties = properties;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
public JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender() {
JavaMailSenderImpl sender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();
applyProperties(sender);
return sender;
}
private void applyProperties(JavaMailSenderImpl sender) {
sender.setHost(this.properties.getHost());
if (this.properties.getPort() != null) {
sender.setPort(this.properties.getPort());
}
sender.setUsername(this.properties.getUsername());
sender.setPassword(this.properties.getPassword());
sender.setProtocol(this.properties.getProtocol());
if (this.properties.getDefaultEncoding() != null) {
sender.setDefaultEncoding(this.properties.getDefaultEncoding().name());
}
if (!this.properties.getProperties().isEmpty()) {
sender.setJavaMailProperties(asProperties(this.properties.getProperties()));
}
}
private Properties asProperties(Map<String, String> source) {
Properties properties = new Properties();
properties.putAll(source);
return properties;
}
}
其实就是用了上面装配的参数注册了一个 JavaMailSenderImpl
实例而已,然后你就可以注入使用了。