数据分析之pandas学习笔记一

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

### series

obj=pd.Series([4,5,6,7])

obj

0 4 1 5 2 6 3 7 dtype: int64

obj.index

RangeIndex(start=0, stop=4, step=1)

obj.values

array([4, 5, 6, 7], dtype=int64)

obj.index.name='number'

obj

number 0 4 1 5 2 6 3 7 dtype: int64 series看成一个定长有序字典，由索引到值的映射，values返回的是array；不同的series可以通过索引关联，未匹配到的以NaN表示 ### dataframe

data=np.empty((3,4))
for i in range(data.shape[0]):
    data[i]=i+1

frame=pd.DataFrame(data,columns=['col_1','col_2','col_3','col_4'],index=['one','two','three'])

frame

	col_1	col_2	col_3	col_4
one	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
two	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
three	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0

frame.columns

Index([‘col_1’, ‘col_2’, ‘col_3’, ‘col_4’], dtype=’object’)

frame.index

Index([‘one’, ‘two’, ‘three’], dtype=’object’)

frame.index.name='num'
frame

	col_1	col_2	col_3	col_4
num
one	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
two	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
three	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0

frame['col_1']

one 1.0 two 2.0 three 3.0 Name: col_1, dtype: float64

frame.loc['one']

col_1 1.0 col_2 1.0 col_3 1.0 col_4 1.0 Name: one, dtype: float64

frame['col_5']=0
frame

	col_1	col_2	col_3	col_4	col_5
num
one	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
two	2.0	2.0	2.0	2.0	0
three	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	0

del frame['col_4']

frame

	col_1	col_2	col_3	col_5
num
one	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
two	2.0	2.0	2.0	0
three	3.0	3.0	3.0	0

frame.values

array([[ 1., 1., 1., 0.], [ 2., 2., 2., 0.], [ 3., 3., 3., 0.]]) 1.dataframe表格结构，有行索引和列索引，且面向行列的操作基本是平衡的，一般是二维结构，但可以表示高维数据（层次化索引） 2.通过单个索引返回的是series，并且是相应数据的视图，如需复制需显示copy； 3.dataframe.values 返回与数据对应的n维array

frame.index[0:2]

Index([‘one’, ‘two’], dtype=’object’, name=’num’)

frame.index[2]=3#index对象不可修改

————————————————————————— TypeError Traceback (most recent call last) in () —-> 1 frame.index[2]=3 C:\Users\lz\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\pandas\indexes\base.py in __setitem__(self, key, value) 1402 1403 def __setitem__(self, key, value): -> 1404 raise TypeError(“Index does not support mutable operations”) 1405 1406 def __getitem__(self, key): TypeError: Index does not support mutable operations

frame

	col_1	col_2	col_3	col_5
num
one	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
two	2.0	2.0	2.0	0
three	3.0	3.0	3.0	0

frame.reindex(['two','one','four'],fill_value=0)

	col_1	col_2	col_3	col_5
num
two	2.0	2.0	2.0	0
one	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
four	0.0	0.0	0.0	0

reindex返回新的对象（copy参数为True），按照指定索引重新排序，如果未匹配到索引则na（fill_values可以将na填充指定值）