extern 是C#中的一个关键字,用于声明在C#代码中引用外部程序集中的函数或方法。通常,extern 用于与非托管代码(如C/C++编写的DLL)进行交互,以便在C#中调用非托管代码中的函数。
MessageBox(IntPtr.Zero, "你好extern!", "信息", 0);
[DllImport("user32.dll")]
static extern int MessageBox(IntPtr hWnd, string text, string caption, uint type);
运行结果:
.net8中,丰富了extern的使用,用UnsafeAccessor可以很简单地调用.net写dll了。
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
var test = new TestClass();
//调用私有方法
Console.WriteLine(GetTime(test));
//读取私有字面
Console.WriteLine(GetNo(test));
//赋值给私有字段
GetNo(test) = 20;
Console.WriteLine(GetNo(test));
[UnsafeAccessor(UnsafeAccessorKind.Method, Name = "GetTime")]
static extern DateTime GetTime(TestClass test);
[UnsafeAccessor(UnsafeAccessorKind.Field, Name = "_no")]
static extern ref int GetNo(TestClass test);
public class TestClass
{
int _no = 10;
DateTime GetTime()
{
return DateTime.Now;
}
}
现在,UnsafeAccessorKind支持的类型如下:
namespace System.Runtime.CompilerServices
{
public enum UnsafeAccessorKind
{
Constructor = 0,
Method = 1,
StaticMethod = 2,
Field = 3,
StaticField = 4
}
}
单看这个功能,有点像反射,但要比反射简单,只需要标志签名即可。
using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using static System.Net.Mime.MediaTypeNames;
BenchmarkRunner.Run<Test>();
public class Test
{
[UnsafeAccessor(UnsafeAccessorKind.Method, Name = "GetTime")]
public static extern DateTime GetTime(TestClass test);
[UnsafeAccessor(UnsafeAccessorKind.Field, Name = "_no")]
public static extern ref int GetNo(TestClass test);
[Benchmark]
public void UnsafeTest()
{
var test = new TestClass();
var t = GetTime(test);
}
[Benchmark]
public void RefTest()
{
var test = new TestClass();
var type = test.GetType();
var method=type.GetMethod("GetTime", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
var t = method?.Invoke(test, new object[0]);
}
}
public class TestClass
{
int _no = 10;
DateTime GetTime()
{
return DateTime.Now;
}
}
下面是用BechamrkDotNet比较反射和UnsafeAccessor方式的性能,还是要好上很多的。