连接真机
从4.2版本开始,开发者选项默认是隐藏的,进入“关于手机”-“版本号”那一栏连续轻点,就能开启开发者选项。
使用通知(Notification)
当某程序希望向用户发出一些提示信息,而该程序又不在前台运行时,就可以使用通知。
发出一条通知后,手机最上方的状态栏会显示一条通知,下拉后可以看到详细内容。
基本使用方法
package com.example.notificationtest;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.support.v4.app.NotificationCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import java.io.File;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button sendNotice = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_notice);
sendNotice.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.send_notice:
Intent intent = new Intent(this, NotificationActivity.class);
/**
* PendingIntent is one intent like Intent of delay execution.you can use getActivity(),getBroadcast() or getService() to get the object.
* first parameter: the context object.
* second parameter: less commonly,you can use 0.
* third parameter: Intent object.
* fourth parameter: make sure pendingIntent action.has four value:FLAG_ONE_SHOT/FLAG_NO_CREATE
* /FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT/FLAG_UPDATE_CURRENT.
*/
PendingIntent pi = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);
/**
* first step,create NotificationManager object.you can use Context.getSystemService() method to get it.
* this method has one parameter to make sure obtain which one service,we use Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE here.
*/
NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
/**
* second step,we use one Builder constructor to abtain Notification object,but this api is often change,so we use
* support-v4.support-4 have one NotificationCompat class,use this class's constructor to get Notification object.
*/
Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
.setContentTitle("This is content title")
.setContentText("This is content text")
.setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
.setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.mipmap.ic_launcher))
//set notification onclick event.parameter is one PendingIntent object.
.setContentIntent(pi)
//播放声音,传入一个音频文件的uri
.setSound(Uri.fromFile(new File("/system/media/audio/ringtones/ringtone_021.ogg")))
//手机震动,传入的参数,下标是单数时代表静止时间,下标是双数时代表震动时间,单位毫秒
.setVibrate(new long[]{0, 1000, 1000, 1000})
//手机LED,(颜色,亮的时间,暗的时间)
.setLights(Color.GREEN, 1000, 1000)
//使用默认的显示效果,会使用系统默认的铃声、震动等效果,如果有这个,上面的声音、震动设置就无效了
//.setDefaults(NotificationCompat.DEFAULT_ALL)
//传入一段长文字
.setStyle(new NotificationCompat.BigTextStyle().bigText("Learn how to build notifications, send and sync data, and use voice actions. Get the official Android IDE and developer tools to build apps for Android."))
//传入一张大图,BitmapFactory.decodeResource()是将图片解析成Bitmap对象。
// .setStyle(new NotificationCompat.BigPictureStyle().bigPicture(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.big_image)))
/**
* 设置通知的重要程度,5个量级:PRIORITY_DEFAULT:默认重要程度,和不设置效果一样;PRIORITY_MIN:最低的重要程度;PRIORITY_LOW:较低的重要程度;
* PRIORITY_HIGH:较高的重要程度;PRIORITY_MAX:最高的重要程度。
*/
.setPriority(NotificationCompat.PRIORITY_MAX)
//用户点击后自动取消通知
.setAutoCancel(true)
.build();
/**
* third step,show the notification.
* first parameter:unique identification.
* second parameter:the notification object
*/
manager.notify(1, notification);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
package com.example.notificationtest;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
public class NotificationActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.notification_layout);
NotificationManager manager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
//取消通知,这里传入的parameter是创建notification是传入的unique identification
manager.cancel(1);
}
}
调用摄像头和相册
package com.example.cameraalbumtest;
import android.Manifest;
import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.ContentUris;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.provider.DocumentsContract;
import android.provider.MediaStore;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.FileProvider;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final int TAKE_PHOTO = 1;
public static final int CHOOSE_PHOTO = 2;
private ImageView picture;
private Uri imageUri;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//拍照按钮
Button takePhoto = (Button) findViewById(R.id.take_photo);
//相册中选择图片按钮
Button chooseFromAlbum = (Button) findViewById(R.id.choose_from_album);
picture = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
//点击按钮拍照
takePhoto.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
/**
* 创建File对象,用于存储拍照后的图片,并把图片命名为output_image.jpg,
* 并把图片放到应用关联缓存目录下,getExternalCacheDir()函数用于获取这个目录,/sdcard/Android/data/<package name>/cache
* 从6.0版本开始,读写sd卡被列为危险权限,图片放到其他目录需要进行运行时权限处理,而使用应用关联目录则可以调过这一步。
*/
File outputImage = new File(getExternalCacheDir(), "output_image.jpg");
try {
if (outputImage.exists()) {
outputImage.delete();
}
outputImage.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
/**
* 从7.0版本开始,直接使用本地真实路径的uri被认为是不安全的,会报FileUriExposedException错误。
*/
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < 24) {
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(outputImage);
} else {
/**
*
* FileProvider则是一种特殊的内容提供器,它使用了和内容提供器类似的机制对数据进行保护,可以选择性得将封装过的uri共享给外部。
* FileProvider.getUriForFile()方法将File对象转换成一个封装过的uri对象。方法有三个参数:
* first parameter:context object
* second parameter:任意唯一的字符串
* third parameter:刚才创建的file object
*/
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider", outputImage);
}
// 创建启动相机程序的intent
Intent intent = new Intent("android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE");
//拍摄的照片存储的路径,把uri传进入
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);
//启动活动,返回结果会返回到onActivityResult()方法中
startActivityForResult(intent, TAKE_PHOTO);
}
});
//相册中选择照片,打开相册时需要运行时权限处理
chooseFromAlbum.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
} else {
openAlbum();
}
}
});
}
/**
* 具体打开相册操作
*/
private void openAlbum() {
Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.GET_CONTENT");
intent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(intent, CHOOSE_PHOTO); // 打开相册
}
/**
* 相册中选照片时运行时权限处理的回调
*/
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
openAlbum();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "You denied the permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
break;
default:
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
switch (requestCode) {
//拍照的回调处理
case TAKE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
try {
// 将拍摄的照片显示出来
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(getContentResolver().openInputStream(imageUri));
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
break;
//相册中选择照片的回调处理
case CHOOSE_PHOTO:
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
// 判断手机系统版本号,因为从4.4版本开始,选取相册中的图片不再返回图片真实的uri了,而是一个封装过的uri,需要先解析。
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) {
// 4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理图片
handleImageOnKitKat(data);
} else {
// 4.4以下系统使用这个方法处理图片
handleImageBeforeKitKat(data);
}
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
/**
* 4.4及以上系统使用这个方法处理相册中选择的图片
* @param data
*/
@TargetApi(19)
private void handleImageOnKitKat(Intent data) {
String imagePath = null;
Uri uri = data.getData();
Log.d("TAG", "handleImageOnKitKat: uri is " + uri);
//解析封装过的uri
if (DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(this, uri)) {
// 如果是document类型的Uri,则通过document id处理
String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
if("com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
String id = docId.split(":")[1]; // 解析出数字格式的id
String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=" + id;
imagePath = getImagePath(MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI, selection);
} else if ("com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority())) {
Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(docId));
imagePath = getImagePath(contentUri, null);
}
} else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是content类型的Uri,则使用普通方式处理
imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
} else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
// 如果是file类型的Uri,直接获取图片路径即可
imagePath = uri.getPath();
}
displayImage(imagePath); // 根据图片路径显示图片
}
/**
* 4.4以下系统使用这个方法处理相册中选择的图片
* @param data
*/
private void handleImageBeforeKitKat(Intent data) {
Uri uri = data.getData();
String imagePath = getImagePath(uri, null);
displayImage(imagePath);
}
/**
* 得到图片的真实路径
* @param uri
* @param selection
* @return
*/
private String getImagePath(Uri uri, String selection) {
String path = null;
// 通过Uri和selection来获取真实的图片路径
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, null, selection, null, null);
if (cursor != null) {
if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
path = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA));
}
cursor.close();
}
return path;
}
/**
* 展示图片到界面上
* @param imagePath
*/
private void displayImage(String imagePath) {
if (imagePath != null) {
Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(imagePath);
picture.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "failed to get image", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.cameraalbumtest">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity android:name=".MainActivity">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!--注册内容提供器-->
<!--android:authorities 值必须与FileProvider.getUriForFile()方法中第二个参数一致-->
<provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="com.example.cameraalbumtest.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<!--指定uri的共享路径-->
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>
</application>
</manifest>
res/xml/file_paths.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<!--external-path 用来指定uri共享的,name可以随便填,path表示共享的具体路径,这里设置空表示将整个sd卡进行共享-->
<external-path name="my_images" path="" />
</paths>
播放音频
播放音频用MediaPlayer类。
先添加权限
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
MainActivity.java
package com.example.playaudiotest;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
import java.io.File;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
/**
* 播放音频的控制类
*/
private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button play = (Button) findViewById(R.id.play);
Button pause = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pause);
Button stop = (Button) findViewById(R.id.stop);
play.setOnClickListener(this);
pause.setOnClickListener(this);
stop.setOnClickListener(this);
//运行时权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
} else {
initMediaPlayer(); // 初始化MediaPlayer
}
}
private void initMediaPlayer() {
try {
//Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()方法获取手机内置存储卡根目录
File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "music.mp3");
mediaPlayer.setDataSource(file.getPath()); // 指定音频文件的路径
mediaPlayer.prepare(); // 让MediaPlayer进入到准备状态
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
initMediaPlayer();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
break;
default:
}
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.play:
if (!mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.start(); // 开始播放
}
break;
case R.id.pause:
if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.pause(); // 暂停播放
}
break;
case R.id.stop:
if (mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) {
mediaPlayer.reset(); // 停止播放
initMediaPlayer();
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (mediaPlayer != null) {
mediaPlayer.stop();
mediaPlayer.release();
}
}
}
播放视频
播放视频用VideoView类控制。
添加权限:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
MainActivity.java
package com.example.playvideotest;
import android.Manifest;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
import android.widget.VideoView;
import java.io.File;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
private VideoView videoView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
videoView = (VideoView) findViewById(R.id.video_view);
Button play = (Button) findViewById(R.id.play);
Button pause = (Button) findViewById(R.id.pause);
Button replay = (Button) findViewById(R.id.replay);
play.setOnClickListener(this);
pause.setOnClickListener(this);
replay.setOnClickListener(this);
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this, new String[]{ Manifest.permission. WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE }, 1);
} else {
initVideoPath(); // 初始化MediaPlayer
}
}
private void initVideoPath() {
File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "movie.mp4");
videoView.setVideoPath(file.getPath()); // 指定视频文件的路径
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
initVideoPath();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "拒绝权限将无法使用程序", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
finish();
}
break;
default:
}
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.play:
if (!videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.start(); // 开始播放
}
break;
case R.id.pause:
if (videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.pause(); // 暂停播放
}
break;
case R.id.replay:
if (videoView.isPlaying()) {
videoView.resume(); // 重新播放
}
break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
if (videoView != null) {
videoView.suspend();
}
}
}