词频统计选用文章

英语文章

摘自2020全国一卷英语阅读D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific
research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown,
Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.
In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces
were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step
further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,
even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves
to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
"We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,
" explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glowin experiments using some common vegetables.
Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light,
about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said,
could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant
leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to
develop an on and off"switch"where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.
Since lighting is often far removed from the power source—such as the distance
from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission.
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.

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语文文章

摘自2020高考全国一卷语文论述文阅读
社会是由众多家庭组成的，家庭和谐关乎社会和谐。要在家庭中建立一种和谐的关系，就需要有家庭伦理。
中国自古以来就有维护家庭关系的种种伦理规范，它们往往体现在各种“礼”之中、从《礼记》中可以看
到各种礼制的记载，如婚丧嫁娶，这些都包含着各种家庭伦理规范，而要使这些规范成为一种社会遵守的
伦理，就要使“礼”制度化。
在中国古代，“孝”无疑是家庭伦理中最重要的观念。《孝经》中有孔子的一段话：“夫孝，天之经也，
地之义也，民之行也。”这是说“孝”是“天道”常规，是“地道”通则，是人们遵之而行的规矩，为
什么“孝”有这样大的意义?这与中国古代宗法制有关。中国古代社会基本上是宗法性的农耕社会，家庭
不仅是生活单位，而且是生产单位，要较好地维护家庭中长幼尊卑的秩序，使家族得以顺利延续，必须
有一套维护当时社会稳定的家庭伦理规范。这种伦理规范又必须是一套自天子至庶人都遵守的伦理规范，
这样社会才得以稳定。
“孝”成为一种家庭伦理规范，并进而成为社会的伦理制度，必有其哲理上的根据。《郭店楚简·成之闻之》
中说：“天登大常，以理人伦，制为君臣之义，作为父子之亲，分为夫妇之辨。”理顺君臣、父子、夫妇的关
系是“天道”的要求，君子以“天道”常规处理君臣、父子、夫妇伦理关系，社会才能治理好。所以，“人道”
与“天道”是息息相关的。
“孝”作为一种家庭伦理的哲理根据就是孔子的“仁学”，以“亲亲”(爱自己的亲人)为基点，扩大到“仁民”，
以及于“爱物”，基于孔子的“仁学”，把“孝”看成是“天之经”“地之义”“人之行”是可以理解的。一方面，
它体现了孔子“爱人”( “泛爱众”)的精义;另一方面，在孔子儒家思想中，“孝”在社会生活实践中有一个不断扩
大的过程，因此，“孝”不是凝固教条，而是基于“仁学”的“爱”不断释放的过程，只有在家庭实践和社会实践中，
以“仁学”为基础的“孝”的意义才能真正显现出来。
社会在发展，现代社会中的家庭伦理会变化，“孝”的内涵也会随之变化，例如“四世同堂”“养儿防老”，就因家
庭作为生产单位的逐渐消失而失去意义，又如“二十四孝”中的某些形式已没有必要提倡，但作为“孝”之为核心理
念的“仁爱”仍有家庭伦理之意义。在家庭不再是生产单位的情况下，保障家庭良好的生活状态，将主要由社会保障
体系来承担，但“孝”的仁爱精神则不会改变，对长辈的爱敬，对子孙的培育，都是出于人之内在本心的“仁爱”，
鲁迅在《我们现在怎样做父亲》中批评抹掉了“爱”，一味说“恩”的“父为子纲”说，提出：“我现在心以为然的，
使只是‘爱’，”“孝”之核心理念“仁爱”作为家庭伦理仍具有某种普遍价值的意义。