一级缓存的生命周期和session的生命周期一致,当前sessioin一旦关闭,一级缓存就消失,session间不能共享一级缓存的数据,因此一级缓存也叫session级的缓存或事务级缓存。一级缓存只存实体对象的 ,它不会缓存一般的对象属性(查询缓存可以),即当获得对象后,就将该对象的缓存起来,如果在同一session中如果再去获取这个对象时,它会先判断缓存中有没有该对象的id,如果有就直接从缓存中取出,反之则去数据库中取,取的同时将该对象的缓存起来,有以下方法可以支持一级缓存:
•get()
•save()
•load()
•iterate(查询实体对象)
Query和Criteria的list()和uniqueResult()只会写缓存,但不会从缓存中读取(除非结合查询缓存)。一级缓存无法取消,但可以管理,可以使用session.clear()、session.evict()清除或驱逐。
以下对hibernate的一级缓存进行代码测试:hibernate.cfg.xml配置:
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url"> jdbc:mysql://localhost/hibernate_testcache </property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class"> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.dialect"> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </property>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
<mapping resource="com/sunyzc/hibernate/testcache/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
实体Bean:User.java
package
com.sunyzc.hibernate.testcache;
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
//getters、setters
}
User.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.sunyzc.hibernate.testcache.User" table="t_user">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" column="name" type="java.lang.String"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
创建表的工具:ExportDB.java
package com.sunyzc.hibernate.testcache;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
public class ExportDB {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//读取hibernate.cfg.xml文件
Configuration cfg = new Configuration().configure();
SchemaExportexport = new SchemaExport(cfg);
export.create(true,true);
}
}
HibernateUtils.java
package com.sunyzc.hibernate.testcache;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtils {
private static SessionFactory factory;
static{
try{
factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Session getSession() {
return factory.openSession();
}
public static void closeSession(Session session) {
if(session != null&& session.isOpen()) {
session.close();
}
}
}
测试1:在同一个session中发出两次load查询
public void testCache1() {
Session session = null;
try{
session= HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
User user = (User) session.load(User.class,1);
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
//不会发出sql,因为load使用缓存
user= (User) session.load(User.class,1);
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}
finally
{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
输出结果:
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=?
user.name=user0
user.name=user0
测试2:在同一个session中发出两次get查询
public void testCache2() {
Session session = null;
try{
session= HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
User user = (User) session.get(User.class,1);
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
//不会发出sql,因为get使用缓存
user = (User) session.get(User.class,1);
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
输出结果:
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=?
user.name=user0
user.name=user0
测试3:在同一个session中发出两次iterate查询实体对象
public void testCache3() {
Session session = null;
try{
session= HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from User u where u.id=1";
User user = (User) session.createQuery(hql).iterate().next();
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
//会发出查询id的sql,不会发出查询实体对象的sql,因为iterate使用缓存
user= (User) session.createQuery(hql).iterate().next();
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
输出结果:
Hibernate: select user0_.id as col_0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=1
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=?
user.name=user0
Hibernate: select user0_.id as col_0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=1
user.name=user0
测试4:在通一个session中发出两次uniqueResult查询实体对象不会缓存,如果第一次用uniqueResult 第二次用iterate查询是会缓存的
public void testCache4() {
Session session = null;
try{
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "from User u where u.id=1";
User user = (User) session.createQuery(hql).uniqueResult();
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
user= (User) session.createQuery(hql).uniqueResult();
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
18
}
输出结果:
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=1
user.name=user0
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=1
user.name=user0
测试5:在同一个session中发出两次list查询实体对象不会缓存
public void testCache4() {
Session session = null;
try{
session= HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
List list = session.createQuery("from User u").list();
System.out.println("user.name="+ list.get(0).getName());
list= session.createQuery("from User u").list();
System.out.println("user.name="+ list.get(0).getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
输出结果:
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_ from t_user user0_
user.name=user0
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_, user0_.name as name0_ from t_user user0_
user.name=user0
测试6:在同一个session中发出两次iterate查询普通属性不会缓存
public void testCache4() {
Session session = null;
try{
session= HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
String hql = "select u.name from User u where u.id=1";
String name = (String) session.createQuery(hql).iterate().next();
System.out.println("user.name="+ name);
//iterate查询普通属性,一级缓存不会缓存,所以发出sql
//一级缓存是缓存实体对象的
name = (String) session.createQuery(hql).iterate().next();
System.out.println("user.name="+ name);
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
输出结果:
Hibernate: select user0_.name as col_0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=1
user.name=user0
Hibernate: select user0_.name as col_0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=1
user.name=user0
测试7:开启两个session中发出load查询
public void testCache7() {
Session session1 = null;
Session session2 = null;
try{
session1 = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session2 = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session1.beginTransaction();
session2.beginTransaction();
User user1 = (User) session1.load(User.class,1);
System.out.println("user1.name="+ user1.getName());
//会发出查询语句,session间不能共享一级缓存的数据
//因为它会伴随session的生命周期存在和消亡
User user2 = (User) session2.load(User.class,1);
System.out.println("user2.name="+ user2.getName());
session1.getTransaction().commit();
session2.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session1.getTransaction().rollback();
session2.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session1);
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session2);
}
}
输出结果:
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=?
user1.name=user0
Hibernate: select user0_.id as id0_0_, user0_.name as name0_0_ from t_user user0_ where user0_.id=?
user2.name=user0
测试8:在同一个session中先save,再发出load查询save过的数据
public void testCache8() {
Session session = null;
try{
session= HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
User u = new User();
u.setName("张三");
Serializable id = session.save(u);
//不会发出sql,因为save是使用缓存的
User user = (User) session.load(User.class,id);
System.out.println("user.name="+ user.getName());
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
输出结果:
Hibernate: insert into t_user (name) values (?)
user.name=张三
如何避免一次性大量的实体数据入库导致内存溢出?
先flush(),再clear()。 save方法会将save的对象放入一级缓存中,如果要save大批对象,则应该要及时清空一级缓存,可以采用Session的clear()方法。若不清理缓存,可发现javaw进程占用内存持续增长,到一定程度会内存溢出的。如果数据量特别大,考虑采用jdbc实现,如果jdbc也不能满足要求可以考虑采用数据本身的特定导入工具。
测试9:向数据库中批量加入1000条数据
public void testCache9() {
Session session = null;
try{
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
for(int i = 0;i < 1000; i++) {
User user = new User();
user.setName("user"+ i);
session.save(user);
//每20条数据就强制session将数据持久化
//同时清除缓存,避免大量数据造成内存溢出
if(i % 20== 0){
session.flush();
session.clear();
}
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally{
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}