pytorch之中动态调整代码


pytorch之中可以动态地调整学习率,代码如下:

import torch
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import StepLR, ExponentialLR
from torch.optim.sgd import SGD
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import _LRScheduler
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import ReduceLROnPlateau
 
 
class GradualWarmupScheduler(_LRScheduler):
    """ Gradually warm-up(increasing) learning rate in optimizer.
    Proposed in 'Accurate, Large Minibatch SGD: Training ImageNet in 1 Hour'.
    Args:
        optimizer (Optimizer): Wrapped optimizer.
        multiplier: target learning rate = base lr * multiplier if multiplier > 1.0. if multiplier = 1.0, lr starts from 0 and ends up with the base_lr.
        total_epoch: target learning rate is reached at total_epoch, gradually
        after_scheduler: after target_epoch, use this scheduler(eg. ReduceLROnPlateau)
    """
 
    def __init__(self, optimizer, multiplier, total_epoch, after_scheduler=None):
        self.multiplier = multiplier
        if self.multiplier < 1.:
            raise ValueError('multiplier should be greater thant or equal to 1.')
        self.total_epoch = total_epoch
        self.after_scheduler = after_scheduler
        self.finished = False
        super(GradualWarmupScheduler, self).__init__(optimizer)
 
    def get_lr(self):
        if self.last_epoch > self.total_epoch:
            if self.after_scheduler:
                if not self.finished:
                    self.after_scheduler.base_lrs = [base_lr * self.multiplier for base_lr in self.base_lrs]
                    self.finished = True
                return self.after_scheduler.get_last_lr()
            return [base_lr * self.multiplier for base_lr in self.base_lrs]
 
        if self.multiplier == 1.0:
            return [base_lr * (float(self.last_epoch) / self.total_epoch) for base_lr in self.base_lrs]
        else:
            return [base_lr * ((self.multiplier - 1.) * self.last_epoch / self.total_epoch + 1.) for base_lr in self.base_lrs]
 
    def step_ReduceLROnPlateau(self, metrics, epoch=None):
        if epoch is None:
            epoch = self.last_epoch + 1
        self.last_epoch = epoch if epoch != 0 else 1  # ReduceLROnPlateau is called at the end of epoch, whereas others are called at beginning
        if self.last_epoch <= self.total_epoch:
            warmup_lr = [base_lr * ((self.multiplier - 1.) * self.last_epoch / self.total_epoch + 1.) for base_lr in self.base_lrs]
            for param_group, lr in zip(self.optimizer.param_groups, warmup_lr):
                param_group['lr'] = lr
        else:
            if epoch is None:
                self.after_scheduler.step(metrics, None)
            else:
                self.after_scheduler.step(metrics, epoch - self.total_epoch)
 
    def step(self, epoch=None, metrics=None):
        if type(self.after_scheduler) != ReduceLROnPlateau:
            if self.finished and self.after_scheduler:
                if epoch is None:
                    self.after_scheduler.step(None)
                else:
                    self.after_scheduler.step(epoch - self.total_epoch)
                self._last_lr = self.after_scheduler.get_last_lr()
            else:
                return super(GradualWarmupScheduler, self).step(epoch)
        else:
            self.step_ReduceLROnPlateau(metrics, epoch)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    model = [torch.nn.Parameter(torch.randn(2, 2, requires_grad=True))]
    optim = SGD(model, 0.1)
 
    # scheduler_warmup is chained with schduler_steplr
    scheduler_steplr = StepLR(optim, step_size=10, gamma=0.1)
    scheduler_warmup = GradualWarmupScheduler(optim, multiplier=1, total_epoch=5, after_scheduler=scheduler_steplr)
 
    # this zero gradient update is needed to avoid a warning message, issue #8.
    optim.zero_grad()
    optim.step()
 
    for epoch in range(1, 20):
        scheduler_warmup.step(epoch)
        print(epoch, optim.param_groups[0]['lr'])
 
        optim.step()    # backward pass (update network)

torch之中的学习率调整概述

lr_scheduler综述

一.根据训练次数调整学习率

1.torch.optim.lr_scheduler.LambdaLR(学习率前面乘上对应的参数)(特点:学习率下降不是特别的快)

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import LambdaLR

initial_lr = 0.1

class model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=3, kernel_size=3)

    def forward(self, x):
        pass

net_1 = model()

optimizer_1 = torch.optim.Adam(net_1.parameters(), lr = initial_lr)
scheduler_1 = LambdaLR(optimizer_1, lr_lambda=lambda epoch: 1/(epoch+1))

print("初始化的学习率:", optimizer_1.defaults['lr'])

for epoch in range(1, 11):
    # train
    optimizer_1.zero_grad()
    optimizer_1.step()
    print("第%d个epoch的学习率:%f" % (epoch, optimizer_1.param_groups[0]['lr']))
    scheduler_1.step()

这里每次使用scheduler_1.step()更新学习率,注意这里scheduler_1里面定义了优化优化器optimizer_1以及对应的学习率随着epoch的变化lr_lambda函数
这里再深刻理解一下对应的学习公式
n e w _ l r = λ ∗ i n i t i a l _ l r new\_lr = \lambda*initial\_lr new_lr=λinitial_lr
n e w _ l r new\_lr new_lr:新得到的学习率,

初始化的学习率: 0.1
第1个epoch的学习率:0.100000
第2个epoch的学习率:0.050000
第3个epoch的学习率:0.033333
第4个epoch的学习率:0.025000
第5个epoch的学习率:0.020000
第6个epoch的学习率:0.016667
第7个epoch的学习率:0.014286
第8个epoch的学习率:0.012500
第9个epoch的学习率:0.011111
第10个epoch的学习率:0.010000

比较推荐使用这种epoch附带的学习率,因为这里的学习率下降不是特别的快

2.torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(epoch挂在指数上面进行学习率的下降)(特点:学习率下降速度一般,因为有指数,所以比之前的那个学习率下降的快)

class torch.optim.lr_scheduler.StepLR(optimizer.step_size,gamma=0.1,last_epoch=-1)

每step_size个epoch做一次更新
n e w _ l r = i n i t i a l _ l r ∗ γ e p o c h / / s t e p _ s i z e new\_lr = initial\_lr*\gamma^{epoch//step\_size} new_lr=initial_lrγepoch//step_size
指定了相应的参数之后,学习率会自动进行更新

参数:
optimizer (Optimizer):要更改学习率的优化器;
step_size(int):每训练step_size个epoch,更新一次参数;
gamma(float):更新lr的乘法因子;
last_epoch (int):最后一个epoch的index,如果是训练了很多个epoch后中断了,继续训练,这个值就等于加载的模型的epoch。默认为-1表示从头开始训练,即从epoch=1开始。

对应代码如下:

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import StepLR
import itertools
initial_lr = 0.1
class model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=3, kernel_size=3)

    def forward(self, x):
        pass

net_1 = model()

optimizer_1 = torch.optim.Adam(net_1.parameters(), lr = initial_lr)
scheduler_1 = StepLR(optimizer_1, step_size=3, gamma=0.1)

print("初始化的学习率:", optimizer_1.defaults['lr'])

for epoch in range(1, 11):
    # train

    optimizer_1.zero_grad()
    optimizer_1.step()
    print("第%d个epoch的学习率:%f" % (epoch, optimizer_1.param_groups[0]['lr']))
    scheduler_1.step()

输出的学习率为

初始化的学习率: 0.1
第1个epoch的学习率:0.100000
第2个epoch的学习率:0.100000
第3个epoch的学习率:0.100000
第4个epoch的学习率:0.010000
第5个epoch的学习率:0.010000
第6个epoch的学习率:0.010000
第7个epoch的学习率:0.001000
第8个epoch的学习率:0.001000
第9个epoch的学习率:0.001000
第10个epoch的学习率:0.000100

3.torch.optim.lr_scheduler.MultiStepLR(也是epoch挂在指数上学习率下降,不过会调用bisect_right函数,下降的速度跟上面的内容差不多)

n e w _ l r = i n i t i a l _ l r ∗ γ b i s e c t _ r i g h t ( m i l e s t o n e s , e p o c h ) new\_lr = initial\_lr*\gamma^{bisect\_right(milestones,epoch)} new_lr=initial_lrγbisect_right(milestones,epoch)
对应的参数

optimizer (Optimizer):要更改学习率的优化器;
milestones(list):递增的list,存放要更新lr的epoch;
gamma(float):更新lr的乘法因子;
last_epoch (int):最后一个epoch的index,如果是训练了很多个epoch后中断了,继续训练,这个值就等于加载的模型的epoch。默认为-1表示从头开始训练,即从epoch=1开始。

对应内容

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import MultiStepLR
import itertools


initial_lr = 0.1

class model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=3, kernel_size=3)

    def forward(self, x):
        pass

net_1 = model()

optimizer_1 = torch.optim.Adam(net_1.parameters(), lr = initial_lr)
scheduler_1 = MultiStepLR(optimizer_1, milestones=[3, 7], gamma=0.1)

print("初始化的学习率:", optimizer_1.defaults['lr'])

for epoch in range(1, 11):
    # train

    optimizer_1.zero_grad()
    optimizer_1.step()
    print("第%d个epoch的学习率:%f" % (epoch, optimizer_1.param_groups[0]['lr']))
    scheduler_1.step()
初始化的学习率: 0.1
第1个epoch的学习率:0.100000
第2个epoch的学习率:0.100000
第3个epoch的学习率:0.100000
第4个epoch的学习率:0.010000
第5个epoch的学习率:0.010000
第6个epoch的学习率:0.010000
第7个epoch的学习率:0.010000
第8个epoch的学习率:0.001000
第9个epoch的学习率:0.001000
第10个epoch的学习率:0.001000

4.torch.optim.lr_scheduler.ExponentialLR(既带前面的参数又带指数)

对每一个epoch进行指数更新
n e w _ l r = i n i t i a l _ l r ∗ γ e p o c h new\_lr = initial\_lr*\gamma^{epoch} new_lr=initial_lrγepoch
对应的代码如下:

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import ExponentialLR
import itertools
initial_lr = 0.1
class model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=3, kernel_size=3)

    def forward(self, x):
        pass

net_1 = model()

optimizer_1 = torch.optim.Adam(net_1.parameters(), lr = initial_lr)
scheduler_1 = ExponentialLR(optimizer_1, gamma=0.1)

print("初始化的学习率:", optimizer_1.defaults['lr'])

for epoch in range(1, 11):
    # train

    optimizer_1.zero_grad()
    optimizer_1.step()
    print("第%d个epoch的学习率:%f" % (epoch, optimizer_1.param_groups[0]['lr']))
    scheduler_1.step()

这个时候会下降的特别快,因为前面乘上一个数,指数上再带上一个数。

初始化的学习率: 0.1
第1个epoch的学习率:0.100000
第2个epoch的学习率:0.010000
第3个epoch的学习率:0.001000
第4个epoch的学习率:0.000100
第5个epoch的学习率:0.000010
第6个epoch的学习率:0.000001
第7个epoch的学习率:0.000000
第8个epoch的学习率:0.000000
第9个epoch的学习率:0.000000
第10个epoch的学习率:0.000000

二、根据训练中某些测量值调整学习率

class torch.optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(optimizer, mode='min', factor=0.1, patience=10, verbose=False, threshold=0.0001, threshold_mode='rel', cooldown=0, min_lr=0, eps=1e-08)

不依赖epoch更新lr的只有torch.optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau
n e w _ l r = λ × o l d _ l r new\_lr = \lambda \times old\_lr new_lr=λ×old_lr
其中 n e w _ l r new\_lr new_lr是得到的新学习率, o l d _ l r old\_lr old_lr是上一次优化使用的学习率, λ \lambda λ是通过参数factor。

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import ReduceLROnPlateau
import itertools
initial_lr = 0.1
class model(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels=3, out_channels=3, kernel_size=3)
    def forward(self, x):
        pass
net_1 = model()
optimizer_1 = torch.optim.Adam(net_1.parameters(), lr = initial_lr)
scheduler_1 = ReduceLROnPlateau(optimizer_1, mode='min', factor=0.1, patience=2)
print("初始化的学习率:", optimizer_1.defaults['lr'])
for epoch in range(1, 15):
    # train
    test = 2
    optimizer_1.zero_grad()
    optimizer_1.step()
    print("第%d个epoch的学习率:%f" % (epoch, optimizer_1.param_groups[0]['lr']))
    scheduler_1.step(test)

三、自研学习率函数

   def lr_lambda(epoch):
        if epoch >= 6 and epoch <= 7:
            return 0.2
        elif epoch >= 8:
            return 0.1
        else:
            return 2/(epoch+1)
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