1.在action中以解耦合的方式来访问Servlet API——–使用ActionContext对象
在Struts2中Action API 已经与Servlet API解耦合了
Servlet API 常见操作:表单提交 请求参数,获取参数,向request、session、application三个范围内存取数据。
ActionContext actionContext = ActionContext.getContext();
1)actionContext.getParameters();
获取所有请求参数
2)actionContext.put("company", "公司"); / actionContext.get("company")
对request范围内存取数据
3)actionContext.getSession();
获取session数据Map,对session范围内存取数据
4)actionContext.getApplication();
获取ServletContext数据Map,对应访问存取数据
例子:
新建LoginAction.java
package com.cn.struts2.action;
import java.util.Map;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class LoginAction extends ActionSupport{
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
ActionContext actionContext = ActionContext.getContext();
//1.获取请求参数
Map<String,Object> par = actionContext.getParameters();
Object value = par.get("username");
System.out.println(value);
//2.读取request的Attribute
actionContext.put("company", "公司");
System.out.println(actionContext.get("company"));
//3.存取session的Attribute
Map<String, Object> sessionMap = actionContext.getSession();
sessionMap.put("age",20);
System.out.println(sessionMap.get("age"));
//4.存取Application的Attribute
Map<String,Object> applicationMap = actionContext.getApplication();
applicationMap.put("info", "yaoxiayu");
System.out.println(applicationMap.get("info"));
return SUCCESS;
}
}
新建form.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login1.action" method="post">
请输入您的姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
新建success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>success</h1>
<h6>${requestScope.company}</h6>
<h6>${sessionScope.age}</h6>
<h6>${applicationScope.info}</h6>
</body>
</html>
在struts.xml中添加
<action name="login1" class="com.cn.struts2.action.LoginAction">
<result name="success">/jsp/success.jsp</result>
</action>
访问http://localhost:8080/web/jsp/from.jsp 输入名字然后点击提交,跳转到success页面,页面显示success、公司、20、yaoxiayu,即表示成功。
2.使用接口注入的方式,操作Servlet API
ServletContextAware(接口):注入ServletContext对象
ServletRequestAware(接口): 注入request对象
ServletResponseAware(接口):注入response对象
使用哪个接口就实现哪个接口即可。
例子:
新建LoginAction2.java
package com.cn.struts2.action;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.util.ServletContextAware;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class LoginAction2 extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware,ServletContextAware{
private HttpServletRequest request;
private ServletContext context;
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
//获取请求参数
System.out.println(request.getParameter("username"));
//存取request
request.setAttribute("company", "公司");
//存取session
request.getSession().setAttribute("age", 20);
//存取Application
context.setAttribute("info", "下雨了");
return SUCCESS;
}
@Override
//struts2会自动将request对象设置进来
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
this.context = context;
}
}
新建form2.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login2</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login2.action" method="post">
请输入您的姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
在struts.xml中添加配置
<action name="login2" class="com.cn.struts2.action.LoginAction2">
<result>jsp/success.jsp</result>
</action>
访问http://localhost:8081/web/jsp/form2.jsp 然后输入姓名点击提交,跳转到新页面显示如下图即表示成功了。
3.在Action中直接通过ServletActionContext获得Servlet API
ServletActionContext.getRequest()
: 获得request对象(session)
ServletActionContext.getResponse()
:获得response对象
ServletActionContext.getServletContext()
:获得ServletContext对象
静态方法没有线程问题,ThreadLocal
例子:
新建LoginAction3.java类
package com.cn.struts2.action;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class LoginAction3 extends ActionSupport{
@Override
public String execute() throws Exception {
//1.获取请求参数
System.out.println(ServletActionContext.getRequest().getParameter("username"));
//2.保存request范围数据
ServletActionContext.getRequest().setAttribute("company", "公司");
// 3 保存session 范围数据
ServletActionContext.getRequest().getSession().setAttribute("age", 19);
// 4 保存application范围数据
ServletActionContext.getServletContext().setAttribute("info", "雨很大");
return SUCCESS;
}
}
新建form3.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8"
pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Login3</h1>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login3.action" method="post">
请输入您的姓名:<input type="text" name="username"/>
<input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
在struts.xml配置文件中添加
<action name="login3" class="com.cn.struts2.action.LoginAction3">
<result>jsp/success.jsp</result>
</action>
访问http://localhost:8081/web/jsp/form3.jsp 然后输入姓名点击提交,跳转到新页面显示如下图即表示成功了。