原创:https://blog.csdn.net/ingvar08/article/details/79200424
shared_ptr是带引用计数的智能指针,可以说大部分的情形选择用shared_ptr不会出问题。那么weak_ptr是什么,应该怎么用呢?
weak_ptr也是智能指针,但是比较弱,感觉没什么用。其实它的出现是伴随shared_ptr而来,尤其是解决了一个引用计数导致的问题:在存在循环引用的时候会出现内存泄漏。
关于循环引用,看下面这个小例子就足够了:
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
class BB;
class AA
{
public:
AA() { cout << "AA::AA() called" << endl; }
~AA() { cout << "AA::~AA() called" << endl; }
shared_ptr<BB> m_bb_ptr; //!
};
class BB
{
public:
BB() { cout << "BB::BB() called" << endl; }
~BB() { cout << "BB::~BB() called" << endl; }
shared_ptr<AA> m_aa_ptr; //!
};
int main()
{
shared_ptr<AA> ptr_a (new AA);
shared_ptr<BB> ptr_b ( new BB);
cout << "ptr_a use_count: " << ptr_a.use_count() << endl;
cout << "ptr_b use_count: " << ptr_b.use_count() << endl;
//下面两句导致了AA与BB的循环引用,结果就是AA和BB对象都不会析构
ptr_a->m_bb_ptr = ptr_b;
ptr_b->m_aa_ptr = ptr_a;
cout << "ptr_a use_count: " << ptr_a.use_count() << endl;
cout << "ptr_b use_count: " << ptr_b.use_count() << endl;
}
运行结果:
可以看到由于AA和BB内部的shared_ptr各自保存了对方的一次引用,所以导致了ptr_a和ptr_b销毁的时候都认为内部保存的指针计数没有变成0,所以AA和BB的析构函数不会被调用。解决方法就是把一个shared_ptr替换成weak_ptr。
#include <iostream>
#include <boost/smart_ptr.hpp>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost;
class BB;
class AA
{
public:
AA() { cout << "AA::AA() called" << endl; }
~AA() { cout << "AA::~AA() called" << endl; }
weak_ptr<BB> m_bb_ptr; //!
};
class BB
{
public:
BB() { cout << "BB::BB() called" << endl; }
~BB() { cout << "BB::~BB() called" << endl; }
shared_ptr<AA> m_aa_ptr; //!
};
int main()
{
shared_ptr<AA> ptr_a (new AA);
shared_ptr<BB> ptr_b ( new BB);
cout << "ptr_a use_count: " << ptr_a.use_count() << endl;
cout << "ptr_b use_count: " << ptr_b.use_count() << endl;
//下面两句导致了AA与BB的循环引用,结果就是AA和BB对象都不会析构
ptr_a->m_bb_ptr = ptr_b;
ptr_b->m_aa_ptr = ptr_a;
cout << "ptr_a use_count: " << ptr_a.use_count() << endl;
cout << "ptr_b use_count: " << ptr_b.use_count() << endl;
}
运行结果: