Android 蓝牙通信及WiFi开发

在我们正常的Android蓝牙功能开发步骤中，一般要经过系统权限和蓝牙开关状态监测、设备扫描、设备连接、蓝牙数据通信这几个过程。
在Android 4.3系统之后，我们可以使用蓝牙4.0（低功耗蓝牙），它最主要的特点是低功耗，普及率高。现在所说的蓝牙设备，大部分都是在说4.0设备，ble也特指4.0设备。 在4.0之前重要的版本有2.1版本-基本速率／增强数据率(BR/EDR)和3.0 高速蓝牙版本，这些统称为经典蓝牙。

如果想让支持低功耗蓝牙的设备使用蓝牙4.0，我们可以通过如下代码去监测

// AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.bluetooth_le" android:required="false"/>

if (!getPackageManager().hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_BLUETOOTH_LE)) {
    Toast.makeText(this, R.string.ble_not_supported, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    finish();
}

权限监测

首先我们必须要给予应用相应的蓝牙权限。

    //需要此权限来执行任何蓝牙通信，如请求一个连接、接受一个连接和传输数据。
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH"/>
    //如果你想让你的应用启动设备发现或操纵蓝牙设置，必须申报bluetooth_admin许可
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN"/>

然后在程序启动时监测当前设备是否已经打开蓝牙，若没打开则跳转到系统蓝牙功能开关界面选择开启蓝牙

 // If BT is not on, request that it be enabled.
        // setupChat() will then be called during onActivityResult
        if (!mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {
            Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);
            startActivityForResult(enableIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);
            // Otherwise, setup the chat session
        } else if (mChatService == null) {
            setupChat();
        }

在onActivityResult中捕获

public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_ENABLE_BT:
                // When the request to enable Bluetooth returns
                if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
                    // Bluetooth is now enabled, so set up a chat session
                    setupChat();
                } else {
                    // User did not enable Bluetooth or an error occurred
                    Log.d(TAG, "BT not enabled");
                    Toast.makeText(getActivity(), R.string.bt_not_enabled_leaving,
                            Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    getActivity().finish();
                }
        }
    }

设备扫描

我们只需要调用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery（）方法，便开始搜索附近的其他蓝牙设备，

 /**
     * Start device discover with the BluetoothAdapter
     */
    private void doDiscovery() {
        // If we're already discovering, stop it
        if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()) {
            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();
        }

        // Request discover from BluetoothAdapter
        mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();
    }

之后，如果搜索到一个蓝牙设备，系统就是发出一个广播，我们可以对它进行接收并且进行相应的处理：

 // Register for broadcasts when a device is discovered
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
        this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);

        // Register for broadcasts when discovery has finished
        filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);
        this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter);

/**
     * The BroadcastReceiver that listens for discovered devices and changes the title when
     * discovery is finished
     */
    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            String action = intent.getAction();

            // When discovery finds a device
            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {
                // Get the BluetoothDevice object from the Intent
                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);
                // If it's already paired, skip it, because it's been listed already
                if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {
                    mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress());
                }
                // When discovery is finished, change the Activity title
            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {
                setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);
                setTitle(R.string.select_device);
                if (mNewDevicesArrayAdapter.getCount() == 0) {
                    //do something here after finished discovery
                }
            }
        }
    };

连接

在搜索到的其它设备里选择一个需要连接通信的设备，传入设备的地址，调用getRemoteDevice方法去获得一个BluetoothDevice 实例，然后开辟一个子线程用于建立连接，

private void connectDevice(Intent data, boolean secure) {
        // Get the device MAC address
        String address = data.getExtras()
                .getString(DeviceListActivity.EXTRA_DEVICE_ADDRESS);
        // Get the BluetoothDevice object
        BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
        // Attempt to connect to the device
        mChatService.connect(device, secu