python __main__ __name__ __file__

python官方手册：
‘__main__’ is the name of the scope in which top-level code executes. A module’s __name__ is set equal to ‘__main__’ when read from standard input, a script, or from an interactive prompt.

A module can discover whether or not it is running in the main scope by checking its own __name__, which allows a common idiom for conditionally executing code in a module when it is run as a script or with python -m but not when it is imported:

if __name__ == "__main__":
    # execute only if run as a script
    main()

分析一下：
__main__就是最顶级代码的名字，而__name__是代码本身的名字。
通过判断二者是否相等，可以判断该代码是被imported还是直接执行的。

__file__
当前路径

print(__name__) #如果是主文件， __name__ = "__main__" ,否则等于模块名  
print(__doc__)  #没有则为None  
print(__file__) #指当前文件路径 配合os.path.dirname 使用比例大