用结构体数组实现一个简易通讯录

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#define N     10
#define FIND  0
#define NFIND 1

enum {ID = 1, NAME, TEL};
enum {QUIT, ADD, DISPLAY, DELETE, SELECT, CHANGE, SORT};

struct Data
{	//定义一个结构体
	int id;
	char name[20];
	long tel;
};

int random_id(struct Data *data, int *len)
{	//随机生成一个五位数id，不能和已有的重复
	srand(time(NULL));
	int temp = 1;			//标记id是否合法，0为合法，1为不合法
	int i;
	int newid = 0;
	
	while(temp)
	{
		for(i = 0; i < 5; i++)
		{
			newid = newid*10 + rand()%10;
		}
		temp = 0;					//生成后默认合法
		
		if(newid < 10000)			//判断是否为四位数，即首位为0
		{
			newid = 0;
			temp = 1;
		}
		for(i = 0; i < *len; i++)
		{
			if(newid == data[i].id)		//判断是否与现有id重复
			{
				newid = 0;
				temp = 1;
			}
		}
	}
	
	return newid;			//返回新生成的随机id
}

void print_data(struct Data *data)
{	//打印结构体的所有元素
	printf("%d\t",data->id);
	printf("%s\t",data->name);
	printf("%ld\n",data->tel);
}

void swap_data(struct Data *data1, struct Data *data2)
{	//交换两个结构体的所有元素
	int swapid ;
	char swapname[20] = {0};
	long swaptel;
	
	swapid = data1->id;
	strcpy(swapname,data1->name);
	swaptel = data1->tel;
	
	data1->id = data2->id;
	strcpy(data1->name,data2->name);
	data1->tel = data2->tel;
	
	data2->id = swapid;
	strcpy(data2->name,swapname);
	data2->tel = swaptel;
}

void add_data(struct Data *data, int *len)
{	//增加联系人
	data[*len].id = random_id(&data[*len],len);			//调用随机生成id函数并复制给结构体数组末位的id
	printf("系统自动生成id为%d\n",data[*len].id);		//输出新id
	printf("请输入名字:\n");							//对新联系人进行赋值
	scanf("%s",data[*len].name);
	printf("请输入手机号码:\n");
	scanf("%ld",&(data[*len].tel));
	(*len) = (*len)+1;									//长度加1
}

void display_data(struct Data *data, int *len)
{	//显示所有联系人
	int i;
	
	printf("----------------------------\n");
	for(i = 0; i < *len; i++)
	{
		print_data(&data[i]);						//对每个元素调用输出函数
	}
	printf("----------------------------\n");
}

void delete_data(struct Data *data,int *len)
{	//删除联系人
	int i;
	int temp = NFIND;						//标记要删除的目标是否存在
	
	int delete = 0;
	int delid = 0;
	char delname[20] = {0};
	long deltel = 0;
	
	printf("1.按ID删除\n");
	printf("2.按姓名删除\n");
	printf("3.按手机号码删除\n");
	scanf("%d",&delete);
	switch(delete)
	{
		case ID:
		//通过ID删除
			printf("输入要删除的ID\n");
			scanf("%d",&delid);
			
			for(i = 0; i < *len; i++)		//遍历联系人数组
			{
				if(data[i].id == delid)		//匹配到要删除的id
				{
					int j;
					for(j = i; j < *len; j++)	//从删除位置开始从后往前覆盖
					{
						data[j].id = data[j+1].id;
						strcpy(data[j].name,data[j+1].name);
						data[j].tel = data[j+1].tel;
					}
					(*len)--;					//长度-1
					printf("Delete id:%d successfully!\n",delid);
					temp = FIND;			//找到要删除的值
					break;
				}
			}
			if(temp)						//判断是否找到要删除的联系人
			{
				printf("Can not find name:%d\n",delid);
			}
			break;
		case NAME:
			printf("输入要删除的姓名\n");
			scanf("%s",delname);
			for(i = 0; i < *len; i++)
			{
				if(strcmp(data[i].name,delname) == 0)
				{
					int j;
					for(j = i; j < *len; j++)
					{
						data[j].id = data[j+1].id;
						strcpy(data[j].name,data[j+1].name);
						data[j].tel = data[j+1].tel;
					}
					(*len)--;
					printf("Delete name:%s successfully!\n",delname);
					temp = FIND;
					break;
				}
			}
			if(temp)
			{
				printf("Can not find name:%s\n",delname);
			}
			break;
		case TEL:
			printf("输入要删除的手机号码\n");
			scanf("%ld",&deltel);
			for(i = 0; i < *len; i++)
			{
				if(data[i].tel == deltel)
				{
					int j;
					for(j = i; j < *len; j++)
					{
						data[j].id = data[j+1].id;
						strcpy(data[j].name,data[j+1].name);
						data[j].tel = data[j+1].tel;
					}
					(*len)--;
					printf("Delete tel:%ld successfully!\n",deltel);
					temp = FIND;
					break;
				}
			}
			if(temp)
			{
				printf("Can not find name:%ld\n",deltel);
			}
			break;
		default:
			printf("输入的选项有误！\n");
			break;
	}
}

int select_data(struct Data *data,int *len)
{	//查找联系人
	int i;
	int temp = NFIND;		//标记要查找的目标是否存在
	int save = -1;
	
	int select = 0;
	int selid = 0;
	char selname[20] = {0};
	long seltel = 0;
	
	printf("1.按ID查找\n");
	printf("2.按姓名查找\n");
	printf("3.按手机号码查找\n");
	scanf("%d",&select);
	switch(select)
	{
		case ID:
			printf("输入要查找的ID\n");
			scanf("%d",&selid);
			for(i = 0; i < *len; i++)
			{
				if(data[i].id == selid)
				{
					printf("----------------------------\n");
					print_data(&data[i]);
					printf("----------------------------\n");
					save = i;
					temp = FIND;	//找到查找的目标
				}
			}
			if(temp)
			{
				printf("Can not find name:%d\n",selid);
			}
			break;
		case NAME:
			printf("输入要查找的姓名\n");
			scanf("%s",selname);
			for(i = 0; i < *len; i++)
			{
				if(strcmp(data[i].name,selname) == 0)
				{
					printf("----------------------------\n");
					print_data(&data[i]);
					printf("----------------------------\n");
					save = i;
					temp = FIND;
				}
			}
			if(temp)
			{
				printf("Can not find name:%s\n",selname);
			}
			break;
		case TEL:
			printf("输入要查找的手机号码\n");
			scanf("%ld",&seltel);
			for(i = 0; i < *len; i++)
			{
				if(data[i].tel == seltel)
				{
					printf("----------------------------\n");
					print_data(&data[i]);
					printf("----------------------------\n");
					save = i;
					temp = FIND;
				}
			}
			if(temp)	//判断是否找到要查找的联系人
			{
				printf("Can not find name:%ld\n",seltel);
			}
			break;
	}
	
	return save;		//返回找到的联系人在数组中的下标
}

void change_data(struct Data *data,int *len)
{	//修改联系人
	int i;
	int rec;
	
	int change = 0;
	int chid = 0;
	char chname[20] = {0};
	long chtel = 0; 
	
	printf("先对要修改的联系人进行查找\n");
	rec = select_data(data,len);			//接收查找到的联系人的下标
	printf("选择要修改的信息\n");
	printf("1.id\n");
	printf("2.姓名\n");
	printf("3.手机号码\n");
	scanf("%d",&change);
	switch(change)
	{
		case ID:
			printf("修改后的新id为\n");
			scanf("%d",&(data[rec].id));
			break;
		case NAME:
			printf("修改后的新名字为\n");
			scanf("%s",data[rec].name);
			break;
		case TEL:
			printf("修改后的新手机号码为\n");
			scanf("%ld",&(data[rec].tel));
			break;
	}
	
}

void sort_data(struct Data *data,int *len)
{	//排序联系人
	int i,j;
	int sort;
	
	if(*len == 0)
	{
		printf("无联系人，无法排序！\n");
		return ;
	}
	
	printf("请选择排序关键词：\n");
	printf("1.id\n");
	printf("2.姓名\n");
	printf("3.手机号码\n");
	
	scanf("%d",&sort);
	switch(sort)
	{
		case ID:
			for(i = 0 ; i < *len; i++)
			{
				for(j = 0; j < *len-1; j++)
				{
					if(data[j].id > data[j+1].id)
					{
						swap_data(&data[j],&data[j+1]);
					}
				}
			}
			printf("按id排序完成！\n");
			break;
		case NAME:
			for(i = 0 ; i < *len; i++)
			{
				for(j = 0; j < *len-1; j++)
				{
					if(strcmp(data[j].name,data[j+1].name) > 0)
					{
						swap_data(&data[j],&data[j+1]);
					}
				}
			}
			printf("按姓名排序完成！\n");
			break;
		case TEL:
			for(i = 0 ; i < *len; i++)
			{
				for(j = 0; j < *len-1; j++)
				{
					if(data[j].tel > data[j+1].tel)
					{
						swap_data(&data[j],&data[j+1]);
					}
				}
			}
			printf("按手机号码排序完成！\n");
			break;
	}
	
}

void menu(struct Data *data, int *len)
{	//菜单
	int com = 0;
	
	 while(1)
	{
		printf("\t**************\n");
		printf("\t*1.增加联系人*\n");
		printf("\t*2.显示联系人*\n");
		printf("\t*3.删除联系人*\n");
		printf("\t*4.查找联系人*\n");
		printf("\t*5.修改联系人*\n");
		printf("\t*6.排序联系人*\n");
		printf("\t*0.退出程序  *\n");
		printf("\t**************\n");
		scanf("%d",&com);
		switch(com)
		{
			case ADD:
				add_data(data,len);
				break;
			case DISPLAY:
				display_data(data,len);
				break;
			case DELETE:
				delete_data(data,len);
				break;
			case SELECT:
				select_data(data,len);
				break;
			case CHANGE:
				change_data(data,len);
				break;
			case SORT:
				sort_data(data,len);
				break;
			case QUIT:
				return ;
			default:
				printf("请输入正确的选项\n");
				break;
		}
		
	}
}

int main()
{
	struct Data data[N] = {0};
	int length = 0;
	menu(data,&length);
	return 0;
}