lambda表达式的使用

java8最大的特性就是引入Lambda表达式，即函数式编程，可以将行为进行传递。总结就是：使用不可变值与函数，函数对不可变值进行处理，映射成另一个值。

1、什么是lambda函数式接口

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Predicate<Integer> predicate = x -> x > 185;
        Student student = new Student("9龙", 23, 175);
        System.out.println(
            "9龙的身高高于185吗？：" + predicate.test(student.getStature()));

        Consumer<String> consumer = System.out::println;
        consumer.accept("命运由我不由天");

        Function<Student, String> function = Student::getName;
        String name = function.apply(student);
        System.out.println(name);

        Supplier<Integer> supplier = 
            () -> Integer.valueOf(BigDecimal.TEN.toString());
        System.out.println(supplier.get());

        UnaryOperator<Boolean> unaryOperator = uglily -> !uglily;
        Boolean apply2 = unaryOperator.apply(true);
        System.out.println(apply2);

        BinaryOperator<Integer> operator = (x, y) -> x * y;
        Integer integer = operator.apply(2, 3);
        System.out.println(integer);

        test(() -> "我是一个演示的函数式接口");
    }

    /**
     * 演示自定义函数式接口使用
     *
     * @param worker
     */
    public static void test(Worker worker) {
        String work = worker.work();
        System.out.println(work);
    }

    public interface Worker {
        String work();
    }
}
//9龙的身高高于185吗？：false
//命运由我不由天
//9龙
//10
//false
//6
//我是一个演示的函数式接口

2、常用的流

将流转换为list。还有toSet()，toMap()等。及早求值。

public class TestCase {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> studentList = Stream.of(new Student("路飞", 22, 175),
                new Student("红发", 40, 180),
                new Student("白胡子", 50, 185)).collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(studentList);
    }
}
//输出结果
//[Student{name='路飞', age=22, stature=175, specialities=null}, 
//Student{name='红发', age=40, stature=180, specialities=null}, 
//Student{name='白胡子', age=50, stature=185, specialities=null}]

2.2 filter

比如我们筛选出出身高小于180的同学。

public class TestCase {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
        students.add(new Student("路飞", 22, 175));
        students.add(new Student("红发", 40, 180));
        students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));

        List<Student> list = students.stream()
            .filter(stu -> stu.getStature() < 180)
            .collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(list);
    }
}
//输出结果
//[Student{name='路飞', age=22, stature=175, specialities=null}]

2.3 map

public class TestCase {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
        students.add(new Student("路飞", 22, 175));
        students.add(new Student("红发", 40, 180));
        students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));

        List<String> names = students.stream().map(student -> student.getName())
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(names);
    }
}
//输出结果
//[路飞, 红发, 白胡子]

public class TestCase {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
        students.add(new Student("路飞", 22, 175));
        students.add(new Student("红发", 40, 180));
        students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));

        List<Student> studentList = Stream.of(students,
                asList(new Student("艾斯", 25, 183),
                        new Student("雷利", 48, 176)))
                .flatMap(students1 -> students1.stream()).collect(Collectors.toList());
        System.out.println(studentList);
    }
}
//输出结果
//[Student{name='路飞', age=22, stature=175, specialities=null}, 
//Student{name='红发', age=40, stature=180, specialities=null}, 
//Student{name='白胡子', age=50, stature=185, specialities=null}, 
//Student{name='艾斯', age=25, stature=183, specialities=null},
//Student{name='雷利', age=48, stature=176, specialities=null}]

2.4 max和min

我们经常会在集合中求最大或最小值，使用流就很方便。及早求值。

public class TestCase {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
        students.add(new Student("路飞", 22, 175));
        students.add(new Student("红发", 40, 180));
        students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));

        Optional<Student> max = students.stream()
            .max(Comparator.comparing(stu -> stu.getAge()));
        Optional<Student> min = students.stream()
            .min(Comparator.comparing(stu -> stu.getAge()));
        //判断是否有值
        if (max.isPresent()) {
            System.out.println(max.get());
        }
        if (min.isPresent()) {
            System.out.println(min.get());
        }
    }
}
//输出结果
//Student{name='白胡子', age=50, stature=185, specialities=null}
//Student{name='路飞', age=22, stature=175, specialities=null}

public class TestCase {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
        students.add(new Student("路飞", 22, 175));
        students.add(new Student("红发", 40, 180));
        students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));

        long count = students.stream().filter(s1 -> s1.getAge() < 45).count();
        System.out.println("年龄小于45岁的人数是：" + count);
    }
}
//输出结果
//年龄小于45岁的人数是：2

public class TestCase {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Integer reduce = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4).reduce(0, (acc, x) -> acc+ x);
        System.out.println(reduce);
    }
}
//输出结果
//10

我们看得reduce接收了一个初始值为0的累加器，依次取出值与累加器相加，最后累加器的值就是最终的结果。

public class CollectorsTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> students1 = new ArrayList<>(3);
        students1.add(new Student("路飞", 23, 175));
        students1.add(new Student("红发", 40, 180));
        students1.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));

        OutstandingClass ostClass1 = new OutstandingClass("一班", students1);
        //复制students1，并移除一个学生
        List<Student> students2 = new ArrayList<>(students1);
        students2.remove(1);
        OutstandingClass ostClass2 = new OutstandingClass("二班", students2);
        //将ostClass1、ostClass2转换为Stream
        Stream<OutstandingClass> classStream = Stream.of(ostClass1, ostClass2);
        OutstandingClass outstandingClass = biggestGroup(classStream);
        System.out.println("人数最多的班级是：" + outstandingClass.getName());

        System.out.println("一班平均年龄是：" + averageNumberOfStudent(students1));
    }

    /**
     * 获取人数最多的班级
     */
    private static OutstandingClass biggestGroup(Stream<OutstandingClass> outstandingClasses) {
        return outstandingClasses.collect(
                maxBy(comparing(ostClass -> ostClass.getStudents().size())))
                .orElseGet(OutstandingClass::new);
    }

    /**
     * 计算平均年龄
     */
    private static double averageNumberOfStudent(List<Student> students) {
        return students.stream().collect(averagingInt(Student::getAge));
    }
}
//输出结果
//人数最多的班级是：一班
//一班平均年龄是：37.666666666666664

public class PartitioningByTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //省略List<student> students的初始化
        Map<Boolean, List<Student>> listMap = students.stream().collect(
            Collectors.partitioningBy(student -> student.getSpecialities().
                                      contains(SpecialityEnum.SING)));
    }
}

public class GroupingByTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //省略List<student> students的初始化
         Map<SpecialityEnum, List<Student>> listMap = 
             students.stream().collect(
             Collectors.groupingBy(student -> student.getSpecialities().get(0)));
    }
}

public class JoiningTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>(3);
        students.add(new Student("路飞", 22, 175));
        students.add(new Student("红发", 40, 180));
        students.add(new Student("白胡子", 50, 185));

         String names = students.stream()
             .map(Student::getName).collect(Collectors.joining(",","[","]"));
        System.out.println(names);
    }
}
//输出结果
//[路飞,红发,白胡子]

joining接收三个参数，第一个是分界符，第二个是前缀符，第三个是结束符。也可以不传入参数Collectors.joining()，这样就是直接拼接。