装饰器本质上就是个函数,这个函数接收其它函数作为参数,并将其以一个新的修改后的函数进行替换。
下面一个注册的装饰器作为例子:
_function = {}
def register(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print('func_name is %s,args=%s,kwargs=%s' % (func.__name__, args, kwargs))
return func(*args, **kwargs)
_function[func.__name__] = func
return wrapper
@register
def func1(p1, p2='3'):
print('func1 inner is func1')
print('_function=%s' % _function)
func1('p1', p2='4')
执行结果:
_function={'func1': <function func1 at 0x022671E0>}
func_name is func1,args=('p1',),kwargs={'p2': '4'}
func1 inner is func1
下面看下常用的装饰器:staticmethod和classmethod
很明显staticmethod方法是绑定类的所以使用staticmethod可以减少内存消耗。
这两者的区别在于,classmethod增加了一个对实际调用类的引用,这带来了很多方便的地方:
- 方法可以判断出自己是通过基类被调用,还是通过某个子类被调用
- 通过子类调用时,方法可以返回子类的实例而非基类的实例
- 通过子类调用时,方法可以调用子类的其他classmethod
class MyTest(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def do_biz1(self):
return self.name
@staticmethod
def do_biz2():
return 'name'
@classmethod
def do_biz3(cls):
return 'name'
print(MyTest.__dict__)
do_1_1 = MyTest('name').do_biz1
do_1_2 = MyTest('name1').do_biz1
print(do_1_1)
print(do_1_1 is do_1_2)
do_2_1 = MyTest('name').do_biz2
do_2_2 = MyTest('name1').do_biz2
print(do_2_1)
print(do_2_1 is do_2_2)
print(MyTest.do_biz2())
do_3_1 = MyTest.do_biz3
do_3_2 = MyTest.do_biz3
print(do_3_1)
print(do_3_1 is do_3_2)
print(MyTest.do_biz3())
输出结果:
{'__module__': '__main__', '__init__': <function MyTest.__init__ at 0x026C7270>, 'do_biz1': <function MyTest.do_biz1 at 0x026C7228>, 'do_biz2': <staticmethod object at 0x026C4BF0>, 'do_biz3': <classmethod object at 0x026C4C10>, '__dict__': <attribute '__dict__' of 'MyTest' objects>, '__weakref__': <attribute '__weakref__' of 'MyTest' objects>, '__doc__': None}
<bound method MyTest.do_biz1 of <__main__.MyTest object at 0x026C4C30>>
False
<function MyTest.do_biz2 at 0x026C71E0>
True
name
<bound method MyTest.do_biz3 of <class '__main__.MyTest'>>
False
name