标准库-csv

简介

csv:逗号分隔符文件（Comma Separated Values）

csv文件的写入

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#要写入的数据和文件
filePath='./11.csv'
rowData=[['Spam', 'Spam', 'Spam', 'Spam', 'Spam', 'Baked Beans'], \
        ['Spam', 'Lovely Spam', 'Wonderful Spam'],\
        ['1','2','3','4 4 4','5','6','7']          \
        ]

#写入
import csv
with open(filePath, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:      
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)   
    for row in rowData:
        writer.writerow(row)  

写入结果：

csv文件的读取

import csv
with open(filePath, newline='') as f:
    reader = csv.reader(f)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

输出：
[‘Spam’, ‘Spam’, ‘Spam’, ‘Spam’, ‘Spam’, ‘Baked Beans’]
[‘Spam’, ‘Lovely Spam’, ‘Wonderful Spam’]
[‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4 4 4’, ‘5’, ‘6’, ‘7’]

模块中的其他方法与变量

print (csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)    #0
print(csv.QUOTE_NONE)        #3
print(csv.list_dialects())   #获取所有dialect:['excel', 'excel-tab', 'unix']
#获取当前dialect对象:<_csv.Dialect object at 0x000001C601C0F538>
a=csv.get_dialect('excel')       
print(a)

#添加自定义的dialect：zqd和zqd1
csv.register_dialect('zqd',a)
print(csv.list_dialects())     #['excel', 'excel-tab', 'unix', 'zqd']
#在dialect a d的基础上修改分隔符，并注册为新的dialect
csv.register_dialect('zqd1',a,delimiter=';')     
print(csv.list_dialects())    #['excel', 'excel-tab', 'unix', 'zqd', 'zqd1']
#删除dialect：unix
csv.unregister_dialect('unix')
print(csv.list_dialects())    #['excel', 'excel-tab', 'zqd', 'zqd1']
#set or get the size limit
print(csv.field_size_limit())   #get size limit:131072
csv.field_size_limit(2555)      #set size limit:2555
print(csv.field_size_limit())    #255

DictWriter类：写入字典

import csv
filePath='./11.csv'

with open(filePath, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
    fieldnames = ['first_name', 'last_name']
    writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)

    writer.writeheader()
    writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Baked', 'last_name': 'Beans'})
    writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Lovely', 'last_name': 'Spam'})
    writer.writerow({'first_name': 'Wonderful', 'last_name': 'Spam'})

写入结果：

DictReader类：读取字典

with open(filePath, newline='') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile)
    for row in reader:
        print(row['first_name'], row['last_name'])

读取结果：

writer()与reader()方法解析

csv.writer(csvfile, dialect=‘excel’, **fmtparams)

csv.reader(csvfile, dialect=‘excel’, **fmtparams)

• csvfile
  • 含writer()方法的对象；csvfile为文件对象时，打开时需要配置 newline=’’
• dialect
  • 默认的dialect：[‘excel’, ‘excel-tab’, ‘unix’]
  • 获取dialects：csv.list_dialects()
• fmtparams
  • 修改当前dialect中的配置

例如：

import csv
with open(filePath, 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
   writer = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=',',
                           quotechar='|', quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)
   for row in rowData:
       writer.writerow(row)