http://210.27.228.219/ComputerManage/PhyItem/phytwo.htm
| 大学计算机实验 （VB语言） |
写复杂点的程序，就会觉得单个变量不好使用，用保存的数据太多了。还好VB.NET给我们提供了几种高级一点的用来存储数据的结构:数组，枚举与结构体
1.数组,多个数据类型相同的数据的集合，顺序排放。
代码
'5-1.vbClass SimpleCnl Public Shared Sub Main() Dim i As Integer Dim allowedExtensions() As String = { " .jpg " , " bmp " , " gif " } Dim fileExtension As String Dim isAllowed As Boolean = False fileExtension = System.Console.ReadLine() For i = 0 To allowedExtensions.Length - 1 If allowedExtensions(i) = fileExtension.ToLower Then isAllowed = True Exit For End If Next If isAllowed Then System.Console.WriteLine( " 允许上传 " ) Else System.Console.WriteLine( " 文件类型不允许 " ) End If End Sub End Class
二维数组要复杂，但我们要搞明白的还是怎样定义，怎样初始化，怎样访问。有个问题要记住的Dim a(9),数组a的长度是10
2.枚举
枚举规定了数据的取值范围,用更有意义的名称来代表一个值
代码
'5-2.vbClass SimpleCnl Public Enum CRUD Create = 100 Retrive Update Delete End Enum Public Shared Sub Main() Dim commandName As CRUD System.Console.WriteLine( " 选择要执行的操作CRUB:Create,Retrive,Update,Delete " ) commandName = System.Enum.Parse( GetType (CRUD), System.Console.ReadLine()) Select Case commandName Case CRUD.Create System.Console.WriteLine( " 增加记录 " ) Case CRUD.Retrive System.Console.WriteLine( " 检索记录 " ) Case CRUD.Update System.Console.WriteLine( " 更新记录 " ) Case CRUD.Delete System.Console.WriteLine( " 删除记录 " ) End Select End Sub End Class
3.结构体,多个变量的组合体，用来共同描述某一事物整体
代码
'5-3.vb 多项式相加Class SimpleCnl Public Structure Term Dim coef As Integer ' 系数 Dim exp As Integer ' 指数 Sub New ( ByVal c As Integer , ByVal e As Integer ) coef = c exp = e End Sub End Structure Public Shared Sub Main() Dim polynomialA() As Term = { New Term( 1 , 0 ), New Term( 1 , 1 ), New Term( 1 , 2 )} Dim polynomialB() As Term = { New Term( 1 , 1 ), New Term( 1 , 4 )} Dim polynomialC(polynomialA.Length + polynomialB.Length) As Term Dim i, j, k As Integer i = 0 : j = 0 : k = 0 Do While i < polynomialA.Length And j < polynomialB.Length If polynomialA(i).exp < polynomialB(j).exp Then polynomialC(k).exp = polynomialA(i).exp polynomialC(k).coef = polynomialA(i).coef i += 1 ElseIf polynomialA(i).exp > polynomialB(j).exp Then polynomialC(k).exp = polynomialB(j).exp polynomialC(k).coef = polynomialB(j).coef j += 1 Else polynomialC(k).exp = polynomialA(i).exp polynomialC(k).coef = polynomialA(i).coef + polynomialB(j).coef i += 1 j += 1 End If k += 1 Loop If i = polynomialA.Length Then Do While j < polynomialB.Length polynomialC(k).exp = polynomialB(j).exp polynomialC(k).coef = polynomialB(j).coef j += 1 k += 1 Loop Else Do While i < polynomialA.Length polynomialC(k).exp = polynomialA(i).exp polynomialC(k).coef = polynomialA(i).coef i += 1 k += 1 Loop End If ReDim Preserve polynomialC(k - 1 )'输出相加后得到的多项式 k = 0 Do System.Console.Write( " {0}x^{1} + " , polynomialC(k).coef, polynomialC(k).exp) k += 1 Loop Until k = polynomialC.Length - 1 System.Console.Write( " {0}x^{1} " , polynomialC(k).coef, polynomialC(k).exp) End Sub End Class
VB6结构体
Option Explicit
Private Type lk '定义结构体 这个要写到外面
x As Long
y As Long
z As Long
End Type
Sub aldkjf()
Dim p() As lk '定义动态数组
Dim a As Long, b As Long, c As Long, d As Long
For a = 2 To 98 'a循环从2到98
For b = 2 To 98 'b循环从2到98
c = a * b
If c > 40 Then '当c大于40时，给动态数组赋值
ReDim Preserve p(d)
p(d).x = a
p(d).y = b
p(d).z = c
MsgBox p(d).x & p(d).y & p(d).z '显示动态数组中的3个元素
d = d + 1
End If '记得加 END IF
Next
Next
End Sub
Private Sub Command1_Click()'需要一个事件来触发一下
Call aldkjf
End Sub
这三种结构，实际使用的都很多，要想用的好，就得多练。
数组与结构体的区别
他们都是数据结构，不过数组只能存放同样类型的数据，而结构体则能够存放不同类型的数据，结构体里面也可以有结构体。
数组是一组同类型的数据集合，形象简单点你可以认为是数学的数列； 而结构体是一类特殊的数据类型，由自己定义，比如说我们做一个钟的类，我们定义钟的数据结构，就可以用结构体定义三个整型变量（分、时、秒）作为钟的数据结构，三个整型变量作为一个结构体。
数组是线性的 只能储存一种类型的数据 如 int a[10] 结构体能储存多种类型的数据 如 struct tree{ int i; char a[10]; double t; }a;
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