本文及程序不是介绍WCF怎么用,而是研究如何在WCF通信时的通道两端自动进行数据压缩和解压缩,从而增加分布式数据传输速度。
而且,这个过程是完全透明的,用户及编程人员根本不需要知道它的存在,相当于HOOK在两端的一个组件。可以使用中网络带宽较小的网络环境中。当WCF在两个实体间通讯的时候,便自动创建一个信息通道转接通讯,这个消息包含数据请求和相应。WCF使用特殊的编码器将请求和响应数据转换成一系列的字节。
我所带的项目里遇到大文件分布式传输问题,经过分析考虑采用WCF通道压缩技术来解决此问题。执行这样的编码是需要传输大文件(XML格式)由一台机器到另一台机器传输,而连接有速度限制。我不用写一个特殊的函数边压缩和边解压,而是配置传输通道可以做到这一点,这种方式压缩可重复使用的任何契约。我发现自己编写的消息编码器是最简单的方式来实现功能,真正的问题是如何编写信息编码器,在MSDN上没有找到任何关于此应用的实例。消息契约编码器的想法是Hook连接两端发送和接收信息的渠道。程序是采用Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 WCF设计。
附件: image.jpg
图1 WCF消息通道编码过程时序图
发送方:代码中加入方法,该方法及其参数的序列化成SOAP消息,消息编码序列化的信息将成为一个字节数组,字节数组发送传输层。
接收方:传输层接收字节数组,消息编码器并行化字节数组到一条消息,该方法及其参数并行化到一个SOAP消息,方法是被监听的。
当加入压缩信息编码器,该方法要求有一点改变:
发送方:代码中加入方法,该方法及其参数的序列化成SOAP消息,消息契约编码让其内在的信息编码序列的信息成为一个字节数组,消息契约编码压缩的字节数组第二个字节数组,字节数组发送传输层。
接收方:传输层接收字节数组,消息契约编码的字节数组解压到第二字节数组,消息契约编码让其内在的信息编码化的第二个字节数组消息,该方法及其参并行化到SOAP消息,方法是被监听的。
这个消息契约编码分为几个类:
CompactMessageEncoder //这个类提供了信息编码实施。
CompactMessageEncoderFactory //这个类是负责提供契约信息编码实例。
CompactMessageEncodingBindingElement //这个类负责通道的协议约束规范。
CompactMessageEncodingElement //这个类使信息编码通过增加应用程序配置文件。
附件: image1.jpg
图2 消息通道编码器静态类图
压缩方法:契约消息编码器是使用gzip压缩的NET Framework范围内执行的,是调用System.IO.Compression.GZipStream名字空间类中。
加入引用CompactMessageEncoder.dll,修改app.config文件引用,应用程序必须要在客户端和服务器端。
压缩缓冲代码:
- private static ArraySegment<byte> CompressBuffer(ArraySegment<byte> buffer, BufferManager bufferManager, int messageOffset)
- {
- // Create a memory stream for the final message
- MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream();
- // Copy the bytes that should not be compressed into the stream
- memoryStream.Write(buffer.Array, 0, messageOffset);
- // Compress the message into the stream
- using (GZipStream gzStream = new GZipStream(memoryStream, CompressionMode.Compress, true))
- {
- gzStream.Write(buffer.Array, messageOffset, buffer.Count);
- }
- // Convert the stream into a bytes array
- byte[] compressedBytes = memoryStream.ToArray();
- // Allocate a new buffer to hold the new bytes array
- byte[] bufferedBytes = bufferManager.TakeBuffer(compressedBytes.Length);
- // Copy the compressed data into the allocated buffer
- Array.Copy(compressedBytes, 0, bufferedBytes, 0, compressedBytes.Length);
- // Release the original buffer we got as an argument
- bufferManager.ReturnBuffer(buffer.Array);
- // Create a new ArraySegment that points to the new message buffer
- ArraySegment<byte> byteArray = new ArraySegment<byte>(bufferedBytes, messageOffset, compressedBytes.Length - messageOffset);
- return byteArray;
- }
解压缓冲代码:
- private static ArraySegment<byte> DecompressBuffer(ArraySegment<byte> buffer, BufferManager bufferManager)
- {
- // Create a new memory stream, and copy into it the buffer to decompress
- MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(buffer.Array, buffer.Offset, buffer.Count);
- // Create a memory stream to store the decompressed data
- MemoryStream decompressedStream = new MemoryStream();
- // The totalRead stores the number of decompressed bytes
- int totalRead = 0;
- int blockSize = 1024;
- // Allocate a temporary buffer to use with the decompression
- byte[] tempBuffer = bufferManager.TakeBuffer(blockSize);
- // Uncompress the compressed data
- using (GZipStream gzStream = new GZipStream(memoryStream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
- {
- while (true)
- {
- // Read from the compressed data stream
- int bytesRead = gzStream.Read(tempBuffer, 0, blockSize);
- if (bytesRead == 0)
- break;
- // Write to the decompressed data stream
- decompressedStream.Write(tempBuffer, 0, bytesRead);
- totalRead += bytesRead;
- }
- }
- // Release the temporary buffer
- bufferManager.ReturnBuffer(tempBuffer);
- // Convert the decompressed data stream into bytes array
- byte[] decompressedBytes = decompressedStream.ToArray();
- // Allocate a new buffer to store the message
- byte[] bufferManagerBuffer = bufferManager.TakeBuffer(decompressedBytes.Length + buffer.Offset);
- // Copy the bytes that comes before the compressed message in the buffer argument
- Array.Copy(buffer.Array, 0, bufferManagerBuffer, 0, buffer.Offset);
- // Copy the decompressed data
- Array.Copy(decompressedBytes, 0, bufferManagerBuffer, buffer.Offset, decompressedBytes.Length);
- // Create a new ArraySegment that points to the new message buffer
- ArraySegment<byte> byteArray = new ArraySegment<byte>(bufferManagerBuffer, buffer.Offset, decompressedBytes.Length);
- // Release the original message buffer
- bufferManager.ReturnBuffer(buffer.Array);
- return byteArray;
- }
改变服务端配置
加入消息契约编码器之前app.config的实例:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <configuration>
- <system.serviceModel>
- <services>
- <service name="Server.MyService">
- <endpoint
- address="net.tcp://localhost:1234/MyService"
- binding="netTcpBinding"
- contract="Server.IMyService" />
- </service>
- </services>
- </system.serviceModel>
- </configuration>
加入消息契约编码器后app.config的例子:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <configuration>
- <system.serviceModel>
- <services>
- <service name="Server.MyService">
- <!-- Set the binding of the endpoint to customBinding -->
- <endpoint
- address="net.tcp://localhost:1234/MyService"
- binding="customBinding"
- contract="Server.IMyService" />
- </service>
- </services>
- <!-- Defines a new customBinding that contains the compactMessageEncoding -->
- <bindings>
- <customBinding>
- <binding name="compactBinding">
- <compactMessageEncoding>
- <!-- Defines the inner message encoder as binary encoder -->
- <binaryMessageEncoding />
- </compactMessageEncoding>
- <tcpTransport />
- </binding>
- </customBinding>
- </bindings>
- <!-- Adds the extension dll so the WCF can find the compactMessageEncoding -->
- <extensions>
- <bindingElementExtensions>
- <add name="compactMessageEncoding" type="Amib.WCF.CompactMessageEncodingElement, CompactMessageEncoder, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" />
- </bindingElementExtensions>
- </extensions>
- </system.serviceModel>
- </configuration>
客户端配置变化
加入消息契约编码器之前app.config的实例:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <configuration>
- <system.serviceModel>
- <client>
- <endpoint
- address="net.tcp://localhost:1234/MyService"
- binding="customBinding"
- bindingConfiguration="compactBinding"
- contract="Client.IMyService" />
- </client>
- </system.serviceModel>
- </configuration>
加入消息契约编码器后app.config的例子:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
- <configuration>
- <system.serviceModel>
- <client>
- <endpoint
- address="net.tcp://localhost:1234/MyService"
- binding="customBinding"
- bindingConfiguration="compactBinding"
- contract="Client.IMyService" />
- </client>
- <!-- Defines a new customBinding that contains the compactMessageEncoding -->
- <bindings>
- <customBinding>
- <binding name="compactBinding">
- <compactMessageEncoding>
- <binaryMessageEncoding/>
- </compactMessageEncoding>
- <tcpTransport />
- </binding>
- </customBinding>
- </bindings>
- <!-- Adds the extension dll so the WCF can find the compactMessageEncoding -->
- <extensions>
- <bindingElementExtensions>
- <add name="compactMessageEncoding" type="Amib.WCF.CompactMessageEncodingElement, CompactMessageEncoder, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" />
- </bindingElementExtensions>
- </extensions>
- </system.serviceModel>
- </configuration>
这种压缩方法,消息堵塞的几率很小。使用CompactMessageEncoder在同一台机器运行客户端和服务器上可能会降低效率。