HttpClient与HttpURLConnection
1.HttpClient
Android SDK中包含了HttpClient,在Android6.0版本直接删除了HttpClient类库,如果仍想使用则解决方法是:
- 如果使用的是eclipse则在libs中加入org.apache.http.legacy.jar这个jar包在:**sdk\platforms\android-23\optional目录中(需要下载android
6.0的SDK)
- 如果使用的是android studio则 在相应的module下的build.gradle中加入:
android {
useLibrary 'org.apache.http.legacy'
}
1.1 HttpClient的GET请求
Step 1 : 用DefaultHttpClient类来实例化一个HttpClient,并配置好默认的请求参数
//创建HttpClient
private HttpClient createHttpClient() {
HttpParams mDefaultHttpParams = new BasicHttpParams();
//设置连接超时
HttpConnectionParams.setConnectionTimeout(mDefaultHttpParams, 15000);
//设置请求超时
HttpConnectionParams.setSoTimeout(mDefaultHttpParams, 15000);
HttpConnectionParams.setTcpNoDelay(mDefaultHttpParams, true);
HttpProtocolParams.setVersion(mDefaultHttpParams, HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1);
HttpProtocolParams.setContentCharset(mDefaultHttpParams, HTTP.UTF_8);
//持续握手
HttpProtocolParams.setUseExpectContinue(mDefaultHttpParams, true);
HttpClient mHttpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(mDefaultHttpParams);
return mHttpClient;
}
Step 2 : 创建HttpGet和HttpClient,请求网络并得到HttpResponse,并对HttpResponse进行处理
private void useHttpClientGet(String url) {
HttpGet mHttpGet = new HttpGet(url);
mHttpGet.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
try {
HttpClient mHttpClient = createHttpClient();
HttpResponse mHttpResponse = mHttpClient.execute(mHttpGet);
HttpEntity mHttpEntity = mHttpResponse.getEntity();
int code = mHttpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (null != mHttpEntity) {
InputStream mInputStream = mHttpEntity.getContent();
String respose = converStreamToString(mInputStream);
Log.i("wangshu", "请求状态码:" + code + "\n请求结果:\n" + respose);
mInputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
converStreamToString方法将请求结果转换成String类型:
private String converStreamToString(InputStream is) throws IOException {
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
String line = null;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
String respose = sb.toString();
return respose;
}
最后我们开启线程访问百度:
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
useHttpClientGet("http://www.baidu.com");
}
}).start();
1.2 HttpClient的POST请求
post请求和get类似,就是需要配置要传递的参数:
private void useHttpClientPost(String url) {
HttpPost mHttpPost = new HttpPost(url);
mHttpPost.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");
try {
HttpClient mHttpClient = createHttpClient();
List<NameValuePair> postParams = new ArrayList<>();
//要传递的参数
postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "moon"));
postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123"));
mHttpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(postParams));
HttpResponse mHttpResponse = mHttpClient.execute(mHttpPost);
HttpEntity mHttpEntity = mHttpResponse.getEntity();
int code = mHttpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (null != mHttpEntity) {
InputStream mInputStream = mHttpEntity.getContent();
String respose = converStreamToString(mInputStream);
Log.i("wangshu", "请求状态码:" + code + "\n请求结果:\n" + respose);
mInputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
2. HttpURLConnection
它的API简单,体积较小,因而非常适用于Android项目。压缩和缓存机制可以有效地减少网络访问的流量,在提升速度和省电方面也起到了较大的作用。另外在Android 6.0版本中,HttpClient库被移除了,HttpURLConnection则是以后我们唯一的选择。
2.1 HttpURLConnection的POST请求
Step 1 : 创建一个UrlConnManager类,提供getHttpURLConnection()方法用于配置默认的参数并返回HttpURLConnection
public static HttpURLConnection getHttpURLConnection(String url){
HttpURLConnection mHttpURLConnection=null;
try {
URL mUrl=new URL(url);
mHttpURLConnection=(HttpURLConnection)mUrl.openConnection();
//设置链接超时时间
mHttpURLConnection.setConnectTimeout(15000);
//设置读取超时时间
mHttpURLConnection.setReadTimeout(15000);
//设置请求参数
mHttpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");
//添加Header
mHttpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Connection","Keep-Alive");
//接收输入流
mHttpURLConnection.setDoInput(true);
//传递参数时需要开启
mHttpURLConnection.setDoOutput(true);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return mHttpURLConnection ;
}
```
#### Step 2 : 在UrlConnManager类中再写一个postParams()方法用来组织一下请求参数并将请求参数写入到输出流中
```
public static void postParams(OutputStream output,List<NameValuePair>paramsList) throws IOException{
StringBuilder mStringBuilder=new StringBuilder();
for (NameValuePair pair:paramsList){
if(!TextUtils.isEmpty(mStringBuilder)){
mStringBuilder.append("&");
}
mStringBuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(pair.getName(),"UTF-8"));
mStringBuilder.append("=");
mStringBuilder.append(URLEncoder.encode(pair.getValue(),"UTF-8"));
}
BufferedWriter writer=new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(output,"UTF-8"));
writer.write(mStringBuilder.toString());
writer.flush();
writer.close();
}
Step 3 : 添加请求参数,调用postParams()方法将请求的参数组织好传给HttpURLConnection的输出流,请求连接并处理返回的结果
private void useHttpUrlConnectionPost(String url) {
InputStream mInputStream = null;
HttpURLConnection mHttpURLConnection = UrlConnManager.getHttpURLConnection(url);
try {
List<NameValuePair> postParams = new ArrayList<>();
//要传递的参数
postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "moon"));
postParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123"));
UrlConnManager.postParams(mHttpURLConnection.getOutputStream(), postParams);
mHttpURLConnection.connect();
mInputStream = mHttpURLConnection.getInputStream();
int code = mHttpURLConnection.getResponseCode();
String respose = converStreamToString(mInputStream);
Log.i("wangshu", "请求状态码:" + code + "\n请求结果:\n" + respose);
mInputStream.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Step 4 : 开启线程请求网络
private void useHttpUrlConnectionGetThread() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
useHttpUrlConnectionPost("http://www.baidu.com");
}
}).start();
}
报504错误,读取响应的数据报错,对于我们这次请求服务端不能返回完整的响应,返回的数据为0 bytes,所以mHttpURLConnection.getInputStream() 也读不到服务端响应的输入流。当然这次错误是正常的,百度没理由处理我们的这次POST请求。