Java Web入门（4） -- Servlet与JSP进阶

第1章 请求与响应

1-1 请求的结构

HTTP请求的结构：
包含三部分：请求行、请求头、请求体
请求行 ： 请求方式； url地址；http版本
请求头 ： 语言 zh-CN(国际化)；user-Agent 使用操作系统和浏览器环境
请求体 ： 参数，键值对的形式

get请求没有请求体，post请求才有请求体

get请求方式的数据存放在url，在调试工具中查看为Query String Parmeters中
post请求方式的数据存放在请求体中，在调试工具中查看为Form Data中

get请求把数据放在url后
post请求把数据存放在请求体中

1-2 利用请求头开发多端应用
获取请求头（User-Agent客户端环境）

代码：UserAgentServlet.java

package com.imooc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class UserAgentServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/ua")
public class UserAgentServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public UserAgentServlet() {
   
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String userAgent = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
		if(userAgent.length() > 0) {
   
			System.out.println("userAgent已存在");
		}
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
		response.getWriter().println(userAgent);
		String output = "";
		if(userAgent.indexOf("Windows NT") != -1) {
   
			output = "<h1>这是ＰＣ端首页</h1>";
		}else if(userAgent.indexOf("iPhone") != -1 || userAgent.indexOf("Android") != -1) {
   
			output = "<h1>这是移动端首页</h1>";
		}
		response.getWriter().println(output);
	}

}

1-3 响应的结构
【F12】–>Network–>Name–>Response Headers(view source)

1-4 ContentType的作用

代码：ContentTypeServlet.java

package com.imooc.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class ContentTypeServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/ct")
public class ContentTypeServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
       
    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public ContentTypeServlet() {
   
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
   
		String output = "<h1><a href='http://www.baidu.com'><span>百度</span></a></h1>";
		//response.setContentType("text/plain;charset=utf-8");//纯文本
		//response.setContentType("text/xml;charset=utf-8");//XML文档
		//response.setContentType("application/x-msdownload;charset=utf-8");//需要下载的资源
		response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//HTML文档
		response.getWriter().println(output);
	}

}

第2章 请求转发与重定向

2-1 请求转发与响应重定向的使用
◆ 多个Servlet(JSP)之间跳转有两种方式：
◆ request.getRequestDispatcher().forword() - 请求转发
◆ response.sendRedirect() - 响应重定向

区别：
请求转发不会改变一开始访问的映射地址（url不会改变）
响应重定向会改变为最后请求的映射地址（url会改变）

代码：请求转发
CheckLoginServlet.java

package com.imooc.servlet.direct;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class CheckLoginServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/direct/check")
public class CheckLoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public CheckLoginServlet() {
   
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
   
		System.out.println("用户登录成功");
		
		//实现了请求转发的功能
		request.getRequestDispatcher("/direct/index").forward(request, response);
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
   
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

代码：响应重定向

package com.imooc.servlet.direct;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class CheckLoginServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/direct/check")
public class CheckLoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
   
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
	 */
	public CheckLoginServlet() {
   
		super();
		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
	}

	/**
	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse
	 *      response)
	 */
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
   
		System.out.println("用户登录成功");
		
		//响应重定向需要增加contextPath
		response.sendRedirect