东南大学研究生上学期英语期末总结

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写在前面

作者：夏日

博客地址：https://blog.csdn.net/zss192

本文为东南大学研究生英语上学期期末总结，内容为根据老师所发 PPT 总结得来

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题型说明

Module 1 International Conference 50%

题型范围：
- 客观题－单选题、判断题、配对题、排序题等
- 主观题－段落式/填空式翻译题

Module 2 Technical Communication 50%

题型范围
- 客观题－单选题、判断题、配对题、排序题等
- 主观题－写作题（给定场景）
  - 今年的写作题是给一个说明书(一段话)让重新描述排版

International Conference

1.Presentation skills

要点

Coping with nerves 应对紧张
Non-verbal language 非口头语言
Voice production (pitch, pace, volume, pause, etc.)声音发声（音调、节奏、音量、暂停等）
The structure of a presentation 演示文稿的结构
Ways to open and end a presentation 打开和结束演示文稿的方法
Advantages and disadvantages of visual aids 视觉辅助工具的优点和缺点
Principles for an effective presentation 有效演讲的原则
Presentation triangle, presentation outline, organization patterns 演示三角形、演示大纲、组织模式

知识点

1.Body Language：Posture、Personal space 、 Attitude 、Eye contact 、Audience awareness

2.Voice and Delivery：Control – practise 、 Keep audience interested、Voice(Don’t read from a script、Project your voice 、Use pauses and silences 、Speak slowly and clearly)

3.Handling Questions：Share the question、 Think about the answer、Only answer the question、Politely check the answer was ok

4.Structure

Beginning
- Tell them what you’re going to tell them…
- Introductions, main points, set the scene
Middle (main part)
- Tell them what you’d tell them…
- Main points and supporting evidence, recap, make it flow
End
- tell them what you told them
- Restate main points, tell them how they’ve benefited, questions
  5.ABC principles
Accuracy：Using terminology、Explaining obscure terms clearly、Reducing vague expressions、Using diagrams if possible、Using concrete data
Brevity：Be the soul of wit、Lessen slide’s contents, increase oral explaining、Use basic words for profound meaning
Clarity：Make it easy to follow、Balance accuracy and fluency: a couple of contra dictions、Pronounce your words correctly、Don’t ramble away the subject

6.Overcoming Stage Fright：Prepare well、Learn techniques to relax (deep breathing, imagery,familiar face location)、Visualize yourself speaking successfully、Utilize notes /outlines、Practice、Don’t apologize for your nervousness、Understand that mistakes are going to happen

7.A Presentation Triangle：Design、Content、Delivery,Your presentation is determined by where you stand in the triangle

8.CONTENT

Structure
- attention getter
- opening - body - closing - Q&A
- body: topic sentence - supports - conclusion
Language
- lexical choice / word level
- fluency / accuracy

9.DESIGN

PPT
- font / animation / bullets
- high pixel pictures / background /relevancy

10.Delivery

Verbal：articulation、tone、pace & pause
Non-verbal：eye contact、posture、movement、facial expression、gesture

11.Good Presentation Skills

Clear and consistent font used throughout
Font size appropriate and consistent throughout
Introduced herself and said what she was going to talk about
Elaborated on the points on the slide (did not just read from the slides)
Faced the audience
Gave eye contact
Appropriate volume and pace
Gave opportunity for audience to answer questions
Provided a reference list

12.Presentation Mistakes

Bad choice of background color
Bad choice of fonts
Too many unnecessary and unprofessional animations/transitions
Irrelevant and unprofessional pictures
Inconsistent font style (sometimes too small, sometimes too big)
Audience not given the chance to answer questions
Read completely off the slides
Back to audience
Bad body language (crossed arms)
No eye contact
At times spoke too fast
Overcrowded slides
No reference list at the end
No opportunity for questions
Unsure of how to use technology at the beginning
Playing on phone and drinking at the beginning
Didn’t introduce herself at the beginning

13.Using Effective Visual Aids: PPT

Rule A: they are visual
- Speaking to the audience, not the visuals.
- Using the right font size.
- Using color wisely
Rule B: they are aids
- Supplement not the presentation itself.
- Complement not replication of the spoken words

14.Guidelines for PPT Slides

Using text：6 by 6 rule(no more than six words per line and no more than six bullet points per slide.)、No paragraphs、Bullet points, no sentences、A separate line for each point、Give each slide a title
Using graphics：Use scanned images of high quality、All relevant to the text、Replace text with graphics if better、Images should be simple and clear

15.Presentation Outline

introduction
- get attention、greet the audience、introduce yourself /purpose/…、outline the structure、explain rules for questions
body：structure and organization patterns
conclusion：summarize your presentation、thank the audience、invite questions
Q&A

16.How to get audience’s attention：To tell a story 、 To use startling facts or statistics 、 To begin with a quotation 、 To ask a hypothetical question 、 To refer to a historical event 、 To refer to a current or recent event, if appropriate 、 To use personal experiences 、 To mention a previous speech or speaker 、 To use song lyrics, a poem or very brief excerpts from a book 、 To play a video clip, a clip from TV show 、 To use a bit humor

17.Principles for an effective Presentation：ABC Principle、Seven-C Principle、LST Principle、KISS Principle、Three Tells

18.Organization Patterns：Timeliness、Flow Chart、Description Graphic Organizers、Compare and Contrast Graphic Organizers、Cause and Effect Graphic Organizers、Problem-Solution

2.Welcome/Opening speech

要点

The definition of a welcome speech 欢迎致辞的定义
Elements of a welcome speech and its features 欢迎致辞的构成要素及其特点
Purposes of a welcome speech 欢迎致辞的目的
General linguistic patterns for each purpose in a welcome speech 欢迎致辞中针对每个目的的一般语言模式
Language: useful expressions 语言：有用的表达

知识点

1.Components of Academic Conference

Opening speech --introducing themes
Introducing speakers
Presenting papers(Keynote Speeches)
Q&A sessions
Closing speech /summary

2.Opening Speech

What
- A speech to mark the opening of an event
- Also called a welcome speech
- Usually last for 1-2 minutes, but can be longer for grander events
Who
- usually delivered by the chairperson or a well-known authority in the field or a distinguished guest
  - The chair/organizer
  - Experts in the field
  - High officials
Why
- Mark the opening
- Welcome the attendants
- a prelude to a conference, set the tone
- Allure the participants
What
- Specifically acknowledge any important guests
- generally welcome all the guests
- Introduce background information of the host and the occasion
- Emphasize themes and objectives
- Express good wishes
How
- Formal：How to make your welcome speech formal?
- Respectful：How to be respectful?
- Grateful：To whom?
- Brief：Why?

3.Welcome remarks

Please allow me（to represent）(代表)the organizing committee to extend my warmest congratulations on the convening of this conference. I would also like to warmly welcome you—all the participants home and abroad to the conference
（On behalf of）(代表)the sponsors, the School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, and Tianjin Medical College, I would like to express a very warm welcome to the guests, experts and delegates who have traveled here to participate in this academic conference. I would also like to express our heartfelt thanks to all the organizations and friends, who have helped and supported us in organizing this conference.

4.Thanks

My（heartfelt gratitude）(衷心谢意) will be given to Northwestern Polytechnic University as well, who is the sponsor of the meeting and who undertakes all the preparations.
I would like to（thank all of you） (感谢各位)for your interest and efforts in helping us to make this conference possible.
（My special thanks）(特别感谢)go to those who have traveled great distances and taken valuable time from their very busy schedules to attend the conference.

5.Background

Three years ago, at the 7th International Conference on Linguistics Studies, I suggested that an international symposium on learning strategies（be held）(举办) Dr. Gu and Dr. Cohen agreed. We are now very glad to have the opportunity of holding the 8th international conference in Nanjing.
The International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology（was founded）(成立)in Hong Kong in 1972. It has undertaken 20 congresses in many countries of the world in over 30 years.
The decision to plan this meeting（resulted from）(缘起于)a growing awareness that the clinical problems associated with this disease are increasing in number and complexity, that our understanding of the basic mechanisms is deficient, and that our current therapy of this disease and its complications should be critically evaluated.

6.Features of the conference

There are more than 30 interesting symposia,（covering a wide range of branches）(广泛涵盖此学科的各个分支)of zoology such as evolution and systematics, ecology, conservation biology, reproductive biology, diseases, ethics and philosophy. Some symposia will present（recent advances）（最新进展)of zoology, using modern molecular and biological techniques, some will present new discoveries and applications of traditional zoology, and others will discuss philosophy and ethics of zoology.
This is the first conference in this field in which （such a varied group has assembled）（各类专家齐集), including sociologists, psychologists, clinicians, nurses, architects, and even system engineers. Many of these investigators have made important, （collaborative contributions）（合作贡献)to this particular field of our common interest at the experimental and conceptual levels.

7.Purposes of the conference

The purpose of this conference is to make a general review of our activities during this past year, and to propose new plans for activities during the coming year.
This conference was designed to integrate the recent progress made by the various biological and medical disciplines in the rapidly expanding field of gene therapy. By bringing together investigators ranging in their interests from molecular biology to pharmacy, we have attempted to present a fairly comprehensive coverage.
The Pacific Telecommunications Council aims to promote the development, understanding and beneficial use of telecommunications throughout the entire Pacific Hemisphere.

8.Conference programs

The symposium includes a total of 70 papers for presentation at four sessions every half day. （Ample time）（充足的时间)has been allowed for informal discussion. Among the （highlights）（亮点) in the program are tutorial lectures on non-sinosocial functions, which will be given by EMC engineers.
The meeting will tackle the key questions of assessing quality, effectiveness, and appropriateness of not only medical devices, equipment, and pharmaceutics, but all procedures and processes for prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, as well as assessments in the public health context.

9.Good wishes

We expect that this conference will offer an opportunity for all participants to form personal ties and above all, to exchange results, ideas and projects, from which progress will derive.
I believe, by way of this conference, the relationship between us will be strengthened and we will innovate more beneficial solutions through the use of artificial intelligence technologies.
To finish, three days is all too short, but the effect is ever-lasting. I wish all the participants a great visit and success for the future.

3.Introducing speakers

要点

How to make preparation for speaker introduction 如何为演讲者介绍做准备
Contents of speaker introduction 演讲者介绍的内容
Do’s and don’ts in a speaker introduction 演讲者介绍中的注意事项
What to do after the introduction 介绍之后应该做什么
Language: useful expressions 语言：有用的表达

知识点

1.Purposes of an introduction

to gain the audience’s attention
Members of the audience arrive individually and need to organized as a group.
The audience may have just come from listening to another speaker on a totally different topic and are still mulling over the ideas.
They may be in the middle of an interesting conversation with a friend.
They may be thinking about modifying their own speech scheduled for later in the day.
to motivate the audience to listen

2.A good introduction should answer 3 questions

why this speaker
on this subject
to this audience

A little humor is permitted, but an introduction should never denigrate the speaker, even in fun. The idea is to build the speaker up in the audience’s mind.

3.What to prepare

Ask the speaker what they’d like you to say.
Find out what subject the speaker will cover.
Look up biographical information on the speaker.
Avoid using sensitive or embarrassing information without approval.
Find other speeches the speaker has given.
Include a surprising detail if it fits in your intro.
Check the pronouncation of the speaker’s name (in particular, if it is a name unfamiliar to you or the audience).
Check for any special titles the speaker has.

4.Procedure（可能出排序题）

Introduce yourself when you begin
Show enthusiasm while speaking
Speak loudly and clearly
Lead the applause
Orient yourself towards the speakers as they approach
Shake the speaker’s hand

5.Other details

Help the speakers handle the facilities if they have problems
Adhere closely to time requirements that have been established
Thank to the speakers before you invite questions for him or invite the next speaker
Should never fiddle, talk or look around the hall

6.Some do’s and don’ts while introducing speakers

Don’t make the remarks too effusive or hyperbolic
The introduction should not last longer than three minutes or some two hundred words
Introduce the speakers in a comfortable and professional manner

4.Keynote speech

要点

The definition of keynote speech 主旨演讲的定义
The definition of keynote Speaker 主旨演讲人的定义
The presentation skills 演讲技巧
Preparation before a keynote speech 主旨演讲前的准备
The approaches to opening/ending a speech 演讲开头/结尾的方法
The structure of a keynote speech/presentation 主旨演讲/演讲的结构
The elements in different parts (beginning, body and ending) of a speech 演讲不同部分（开头、主体和结尾）的要素
Language: useful expressions and tips 语言：有用的表达和提示

知识点

1.Definition of a Keynote Speech

the principal theme in a speech or literary work
Also Keynote Address

2.Preparation Before a Keynote Speech

WHY you are giving a keynote speech (the purpose)
WHO you are writing your speech for (the audience)
WHAT your speech is going to be about (its topic, main points)
HOW long your speech is going to be (its length)

3.Basic Speech Construction

The keynote speech must have a structure or a speech outline that plots out the main points and effectively divides the main points into subtopics.
Three major elements in a presentation
- Tell the audience what you’re going to tell them (Introduction)
- Tell them (Body of your speech - the main ideas plus examples)
- Tell them what you’ve told them (Conclusion)

4.Beginning and Ending of the Speech

Beginning of the Speech
- greeting and attention getter
- thesis statement (a summary of what your speech is about)
- an overview of the speech
Ending of the Speech
- summary of main points
- solicitation of comments

5.Approaches to Opening a Speech

Beginning by Straightforwardness：To come straight to the point without any roundabout statement
Beginning by Appreciation：To express thanks to the chairperson and greet the participants of the same professional field
Beginning by Wit and Humor：Humor relaxes both speakers and listeners、It can establish a link between the speaker and the audience.
Beginning by Impromptu and Occasional References：To produce an extemporaneous opening according to the context

6.Approaches to ending a Speech

Ending with a direct wind-up：To end the speech directly with a short and brief conclusive statement
Ending with a brief summary：To summarize and review the main ideas that have been presented、A summary conclusion allows the speaker one more chance to set his/her claims in the audience’s minds.
Ending with solicitation of comments：To solicit comments or opinions from the audience

7.Organization of the Body of the Speech：

introduction
body
- The longest and most important part
- Two to five main points along with supporting examples
- Select them carefully Phrase them precisely Arrange them strategically
conclusion

8.Strategic Order of Main Points：The most effective order depends on three things:your topic, your purpose, and your audience

Chronological Order
- Speeches arranged chronologically follow a time pattern. They may narrate a series of events, explain a process or demonstrate how to do something.
Spatial Order
- Speeches arranged in spatial order follow a directional pattern, i.e. the main points proceed from top to bottom, left to right, east to west, or some other route
Causal Order
- You can deal first with the effects and then with the causes.
Problem-Solution Order
- Speeches arranged in problemsolution order are divided into two main parts—the existence and seriousness of a problem and a workable solution to the problem.
Topical Order
- The speech topic is divided into subtopics, each of which becomes a main point in the speech

5.Q & A

要点

The time for the Q & A Session 问答环节时间
Announcing the Q & A Session 宣布问答环节
Timing the Q & A Session 安排问答环节时间
Possible question types 可能的问题类型
Tips for answering questions 回答问题的建议
Language: useful expressions 有用表达

知识点

1.Kinds of questions

to further elaborate on the particular concept/theory you have given in the speech.
to repeat the point they fail to understand.
to follow up another listener’s question.
to give the audience some suggestions on their professional development.
to debate on some points/issues in your speech.
any questions relevant to the topic.

2.When is Q & A session held at a conference?

It starts the moment the keynote speaker finishes his or her speech.
If there are several keynote speakers, it’s very likely that the Q & A session happens after all the speeches are over.

3.Who announces the time for the Q & A session?

The chairperson/host
The keynote speaker himself or herself.

Both should tell audience the rules and time limit for this session.

4.Some Dos and Don’ts for the speaker

Set a tone and encourage questions by leaning or stepping forward and raising your own hand to model behavior.
Listen to and look at the questioner, but also answer to the entire audience
Use the question to further your Point of View.
Be brief and cooperative.
Include a final closing after your Q&A session.

5.Some Dos and Don’ts for the audience

Do not raise a question without permission or without a microphone.
Do not speak, both speaker and listener, until the whole audiences are quiet.
Do introduce yourself, but do not introduce yourself too much.
Do not ask more than two questions at one time. Leave opportunities to others.
Do not forget to say “Thank you” at the end of your speech.

6.Complete the following transcript of the Q&A period at the conference titled “Ergonomics: Effective Workplace Practices and Programs”

Dr. Brian Peacock is the moderator as well as a speaker, and Dr. Bill Marras is a speaker.)

Dr. Peacock: (1)（Now,I think we have just a few minutes for any questions that anyone might have.
Who would like to lead off?Okay,we have one.Go ahead.）（现在各位如果有任何问题的话，可以提出来，我想我们只有几分钟的提问时间。谁先开始？好的，我们有了一个提问人，请讲。）

Questionerl:(2)（I have one question and it is for Dr.Marras）(我有一个问题想请教 Bill Marras 博士).
(3)（I enjoyed your presentation）(我很喜欢你的发言)and the multimedia associated with it.
(4)（My question is）(我的问题是)the problems that I’ve seen in the warehouse industry have a lot to do
with timing issues and time standards.

And(5)（I was wondering whether or not you）(我想知道你是不是)had addressed that portion of the research.
Dr.Marras:We have considered that a constant in this.I know what you’re talking about.A lot of times these people are really pushed by performance standards.We observed that warehouse work people at 125 boxes per hour.We did not look at this as a variable in this initial study.
Questioner I:Well,I see.Thank you.

Questioner 2:Question for you,Brian.
(6)（My name is Ed Fredericks.I’m an industrial hygienist with Michigan OSHA.）(我叫 Ed Fredericks,是 Michigan OSHA 的 industrial hygienist.)The corporate-wide settlement between GM,UAW and OSHA is winding down,and I know from our experience,we see plants that have very well and then plants that
have not done so well.Are you a part of or are you aware of any type of report card kind of thing that GM,UAW or OSHA will be producing as the agreement wears down?

Dr.Peacock:(7)（Sorry,I cannot address that question.）(对不起，我不能回答这个问题)'m not of that joint activity.I exist in the engineering function which deals mainly with proactive design,and you’re referring to a joint UAW-GM-OSHA reactive program.At the moment,the discussion of its continuance or the report card is up in the air.So I’m afraid I can’t answer that question.
Questioner 2:Okay.Thank you anyway.

Questioner 3:I’m Monica Steele from Abbott Laboratories,and (8)（This question is for anyone）(这个问题谁来回答都可以)I’m wondering if there is one tool that you would give a mechanical design engineer,be it one of the NIOSH models or a bio-mechanical model.Which it might be that you would have the most confidence in?Not only the results,but given the fact that these engineers may not be trained in ergonomics and may not use it properly.
(9)（In other words）,(换句话说)which tool is most likely for them to not make a drastic error and to come out with some reasonable results?Or do you think I ought to stand firm on some numbers that I have from my analysis?

Dr.Marras:Wel,(10)（I guess the question is）(我想，你的问题是)how important it is to be 100 percent right?What I would recommend is to base it on the very simple concept of moments.If it’s too far away and you can’t handle so much weight.If it’s too high that you can’t handle too much weight.If it’s low
enough that you can handle so much weight.And that’s probably the simplest and easiest thing to do.Keep it simple.
Questioner 3:Keep it simple.Okay.Thank you.
Dr.Peacock:(11)（One answer to that question is）(这个问题的一种回答是)that we’re forever asking questions of that nature,and the approach that we use is consensus of experts to come up with the number.
(12)（Okay,well,thank you all for your attention and your time.I appreciate it very much.I’m sorry to say that this session will have to stop here.Thank you for your illuminating questions. I would be very glad to discuss them with you after the meeting）
(好吧，谢谢大家花时间来关注这次会议。我非常感激。我很遗憾地宣布提问只能到此结束。谢谢你们提出这么富有启发性的问题，我很乐意在会后和大家继续探讨。)

6.Closing speech

要点

Functions of a closing speech 闭幕演讲的功能
Elements of a closing speech 闭幕演讲的要素
Similarity and difference between an opening speech and a closing speech 开幕演讲和闭幕演讲之间的相似和不同之处
Linguistic features of a closing speech 闭幕演讲的语言特点
Language: useful expressions 语言：有用的表达方式

知识点

1.make a comparison between an opening speech and a closing speech

Purpose
- an Opening Speech：to mark the opening
- a Closing Speech：to mark the closing
Elements
- an Opening Speech：background、introduction、theme、agenda、good wishes
- a Closing Speech：appreciation、summary、evaluation、expectation、invitation、closing

2.Things to Be Done

thanking all related persons and organizations;
commenting on the contributions of the conference;
noticing the arrangement for next conference;
declaring the conference closed.

Ladies and gentlemen,

（purpose of the speech）
I am now, on behalf of the organizing committee, to give the closing speech.

（review and evaluation）
I believe that our Conference is a great success. It went smoothly as scheduled. In these five days the
Conference has covered so many important and complex problems in the field of XYZ both theoretical and practical. All the presentations were very illuminating and informative. And the heated panel discussions were stimulating and fruitful. Now with great joy and a reluctant mind to part, we get together again to declare that the Conference has drawn to a successful close.

（significance and expectation）
It is our hope that the result of the Conference will carry the study of XYZ to a new stage. We all hope
to maintain close contact and cooperation with each other in the field of future research work on XYZ.

（appreciation）
As the organizer of the Conference, I would like to express our sincere thanks to the members of the
International Committee, the members of the organizing Committee, and the authorities of Nanjing University and Jiangsu Province for all their support and contributions to this successful Conference. Thanks are also extended to all the participants who came from over 30 countries and regions. Thank you for your attention to all our sessions and thank you for your stimulating questions.

（announcement）
Now, the Conference is closed. Let’s meet again in London in 2018. Thank you.

4.Complete the following closing remark.

Mr.Chairman,honored guests,

We(表示会议即将结束)（are coming to the end of） a very fruitful congress.I(表示谢意)（am grateful to） our hosts and the authorities of the university,for their superb organization and for providing these magnificent facilities.(表示还要感)（My thanks also go to） all the hardworking and dedicated staff,for making these meetings possible.And I(表示也要感谢)（would also like to thank）Professor John Smith for his able chairmanship.

The congress started officially yesterday and was supported by the presence of political,governmental,and academic members who stressed the importance of logistics and their implementation challenges in a global environment.

Several interesting aspects of logistics practices were(作讲演)（presented by） keynote speakers at the plenary sessions.

The presentations of papers took place in three parallel sessions(涉及范围为)（covering） eight topics in logistics.Although there were a large number of papers and time pressure,the audience(出席参与)（attended and participated） with great interest in learning the results of research of the scientists and business experts.Questions and discussions followed and triggered ideas for future research and
applications,whereas the(交流)（exchanges）of opinions and the(结识)（acquaintance） of the participants have formed the basis for future cooperation between them.

In closing,Mr.Chairman,allow me to thank all the participants for enriching these meetings with their presence and their views.I (盼望)（look forward to）making progress on all of the issues we discussed at our meetings next year in New York City under the chairmanship of Professor Henry Levin.

Thank you!

IC 部分由于时间原因并未总结

陌生单词

posture：姿势 recap：概括、重述 restate：重申 terminology：术语 obscure：模糊的
terms：术语 vague：模糊的 diagrams：图表 brevity：简洁 profound：深切的
clarity：思路清晰 tempo：速度 ramble：闲扯 visualize：想象 getter：获得者
lexical：词汇的 bullets：要点 relevancy：相关性 verbal：口头 gesture：手势
consistent：始终如一的 throughout：自始至终 elaborated：详细的说明 Irrelevant：不相关的
overcrowded：过度拥挤的 concise：简洁的 supplement：补充 complement：补充
replication：复制 guidelines：指南 startling:惊人的 statistics：统计数据 quotation：引用
hypothetical：假定的

components：组成 grander：较大的 prelude：前奏 allure：吸引 objectives：目标

mulling：考虑 permitted：允许 denigrate：诋毁 hone：磨炼 relay：传达 credibility：可信度
biographical：传记的 recite：背诵 inaudible：听不见的 facilities：设备 adhere：遵守
fiddle：摆弄 remark：评论 effusive：热情 hyperbolic：夸张

assembly：集会 arouse：激起 solicitation：征求 straightforwardness：直率 wit：机智
Impromptu：即兴的 wind-up：结束 phrase：表述 chronological：按时间顺序 spatial：空间的
causal：因果 surrounding：周围的 rotating：旋转的 convince：有说服力的 sufficient：足够的

elaborate：阐述 debate：讨论 relevant：相关的 entire：全部的 cooperative：合作的
deferring：推迟

evaluation：评价 gratitude：感激 agenda：议程 announcement：宣布

interactive：交互的 transcultural：跨文化 specialists：专家 parenthetical：附加的、放在括号里的
comprehensive：全面的 exploded diagrams：分解图 cutaways：剖面图 cluttered：混乱的
prominent：显眼的

Intrapersonal：内心的 Interpersonal：人际关系的 hierarchical：分等级的 mass：大众
horizontal：水平的 lateral：横向的 diagonal：对角线的 salutation：称呼语 competence：能力
recipient：收件人 etiquette：礼仪 punctuation：标点符号 layout：布局 the frozen style：庄严体
the consultative style：商议体 the intimate style：亲密体 neutral：中立的 convey：传达
courteous：有礼貌的 abbreviations：缩写 promptly：迅速地 coherence：连贯性 spam：垃圾邮件
uppercase：大写字母 hostile：敌对的 proofread：校对 conclude：结束 odd：奇怪
misinterpretation：误解 refrain：避免

memorandum：备忘录 medium：中等的、介质 facilitate：促进 permanent：永久的 track：跟踪
subordinate：下级 superior：上级 disciplinary：惩戒性的 violate：违反 breach：违反
vague：模糊的 desired：渴望 complimentary：赞美的 directive：指示 alignment：对齐
prescribed：规定的

Curriculum vitae(CV)：简历 fellowship：奖学金 qualifications：资格 imperative：必填 degrees：学位
dissertation：论文 supervisory：监督的 certifications：认证 candidates：候选人 consistency：一致性
parallel：平行的 narrative：叙述 boastful：自夸的 fancy：花哨的 nouns：名词 pertain：适合

写作

1.Suppose you are James. Judith Kroll is your new teacher who will take your class from the 3rd week. Please send an e-mail to let her know the time (9:30-11:30), date of her first class (21st, December) and the classroom (Room 306, Jizhong Building).

Subject: Introduction and First Class Information

Dear Ms. Kroll,

I hope this email finds you well. My name is James and I am one of the students in your upcoming class. I am looking forward to having you as our new teacher and I am excited to learn from you.

I wanted to provide you with some important information regarding your first class. The class will take place on the 21st of December, which is the third week of the semester. The class will begin at 9:30am and end at 11:30am. Our classroom is located in Room 306 of the Jizhong Building.

If you have any questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to reach out to me. Once again, I am looking forward to meeting you and learning from your expertise.

Thank you for your time and have a great day.

Best regards,

James

2.Directio:Please read the following Suppse youa Bob and write an email to Tasha Williams,stating your case.

Bob Ward,an account manager at HomeCare Health.Equipment,has not received the raise that he thinks he deserves.When Bob met with his boss,Tasha Williams,last Thursday for his annual evaluation,she told him that he had missed too many days of work (eight days during the year).He was unwilling to work beyond his’40-hour work week to complete rush jobs,and had not attended two mandatory training sessions on the company’s new computerized inventory system.Bob agrees that he missed the training sessions,but he was out of town on a job-related assignment for one of those sessions.He missed eight days of work,but he was allowed five days of sick leave as part of his contract.The other three days missed were due to his having to stay home to take care of his children when they were sick.He believed that these absences were covered by the company’s parental leave policy.Finally,he does not agree that employees should be required to work beyond their contractual 40 hours.

Subject: Concerns About Annual Evaluation

Dear Tasha,

I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to address some concerns I have about my annual evaluation that we discussed last Thursday. I appreciate your feedback, but I believe that there were some factors that you did not consider.

First, I understand that I missed two mandatory training sessions on the company’s new computerized inventory system. However, I was out of town on a job-related assignment during one of those sessions. I did attend the other mandatory training session, which I believe is a sign of my commitment to improving my skills and staying up-to-date with the latest technology.

Secondly, I agree that I missed eight days of work during the year. However, I was allowed five days of sick leave as part of my contract. The other three days were due to my having to stay home to take care of my children when they were sick. I believed that these absences were covered by the company’s parental leave policy.

Lastly, I do not agree that employees should be required to work beyond their contractual 40 hours. I am always willing to put in extra time and effort to complete rush jobs, but I also believe that it is important to maintain a healthy work-life balance.

Overall, I believe that I have made valuable contributions to HomeCare Health Equipment and that I deserve a raise. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss this further with you.

Thank you for your time and consideration.

Sincerely,

Bob Ward

3.Direction:This is a part of "work experience"of a resume.Please rewrite it for the resume to be more convincing and impressive.

McConnel Oil Change,Beauxdroit,LA

Trained employees
Cut expenses
Exceeded sales expectations
Developed a user manual

McConnel Oil Change, Beauxdroit, LA

Successfully trained and mentored employees to achieve optimal performance, resulting in increased efficiency and productivity.
Spearheaded cost-cutting initiatives that led to significant reductions in expenses while maintaining a high standard of quality service.
Exceeded sales targets and consistently achieved revenue growth through innovative marketing strategies and exceptional customer service.
Developed a comprehensive user manual that streamlined processes and improved the overall customer experience.