享元模式&组合模式

一、享元模式

1.内容：

（1）抽象享元角色

public interface IFlyweight {
    void operation(String extrinsicState);
}

（2）具体享元角色

public class ConcreteFlyweight implements IFlyweight {
    private String intrinsicState;

    public ConcreteFlyweight(String intrinsicState) {
        this.intrinsicState = intrinsicState;
    }


    public void operation(String extrinsicState) {
        System.out.println("Object address: " + System.identityHashCode(this));
        System.out.println("IntrinsicState: " + this.intrinsicState);
        System.out.println("ExtrinsicState: " + extrinsicState);
    }
}

（3）享元工厂

public class FlyweightFactory {
    private static Map<String, IFlyweight> pool = new HashMap<String, IFlyweight>();

    // 因为内部状态具备不变性，因此作为缓存的键
    public static IFlyweight getFlyweight(String intrinsicState) {
        if (!pool.containsKey(intrinsicState)) {
            IFlyweight flyweight = new ConcreteFlyweight(intrinsicState);
            pool.put(intrinsicState, flyweight);
        }
        return pool.get(intrinsicState);
    }
}

享元模式的核心就是有一个map集合，然后，通过map集合去找要创建的对象。

测试一下：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        IFlyweight flyweight1 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("aa");
        IFlyweight flyweight2 = FlyweightFactory.getFlyweight("bb");
        flyweight1.operation("a");
        flyweight2.operation("b");
    }
}

2.应用：

String，Integer，Long中都用到了享元模式        

二、组合模式：

1.图示：

2.分类：

需求：有两类课程，一个是课程包，一个是单课程

（1）透明组合模式：

①首先建立一个课程的抽象类

public abstract class CourseComponent {

    public void addChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持添加操作");
    }

    public void removeChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持删除操作");
    }


    public String getName(CourseComponent catalogComponent){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持获取名称操作");
    }


    public double getPrice(CourseComponent catalogComponent){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持获取价格操作");
    }


    public void print(){
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持打印操作");
    }

}

②写出课程，继承这个类

public class Course extends CourseComponent {
    private String name;
    private double price;

    public Course(String name, double price) {
        this.name = name;
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
        return this.name;
    }

    @Override
    public double getPrice(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
        return this.price;
    }

    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println(name + " (￥" + price + "元)");
    }

}

③写出课程包，继承这些类

public class CoursePackage extends CourseComponent {
    private List<CourseComponent> items = new ArrayList<CourseComponent>();
    private String name;
    private Integer level;


    public CoursePackage(String name, Integer level) {
        this.name = name;
        this.level = level;
    }

    @Override
    public void addChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
        items.add(catalogComponent);
    }

    @Override
    public String getName(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
        return this.name;
    }

    @Override
    public void removeChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
        items.remove(catalogComponent);
    }

    @Override
    public void print() {
        System.out.println(this.name);

        for(CourseComponent catalogComponent : items){
            //控制显示格式
            if(this.level != null){
                for(int  i = 0; i < this.level; i ++){
                    //打印空格控制格式
                    System.out.print("  ");
                }
                for(int  i = 0; i < this.level; i ++){
                    //每一行开始打印一个+号
                    if(i == 0){ System.out.print("+"); }
                    System.out.print("-");
                }
            }
            //打印标题
            catalogComponent.print();
        }
    }

}

④写出测试类：

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("============透明组合模式===========");

        CourseComponent javaBase = new Course("Java入门课程",8280);
        CourseComponent ai = new Course("人工智能",5000);

        CourseComponent packageCourse = new CoursePackage("Java架构师课程",2);

        CourseComponent design = new Course("Java设计模式",1500);
        CourseComponent source = new Course("源码分析",2000);
        CourseComponent softSkill = new Course("软技能",3000);

        packageCourse.addChild(design);
        packageCourse.addChild(source);
        packageCourse.addChild(softSkill);

        CourseComponent catalog = new CoursePackage("课程主目录",1);
        catalog.addChild(javaBase);
        catalog.addChild(ai);
        catalog.addChild(packageCourse);

        catalog.print();

上面这个不安全，因为即使是课程类，虽然用不了课程包的方法，但是可以引用，所以就有了下面的模式

（2）安全组合模式：

①创建一个字典类：

public abstract class Directory {

    protected String name;

    public Directory(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public abstract void show();

}

②创建一个文件类继承他

public class File extends Directory {

    public File(String name) {
        super(name);
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println(this.name);
    }

}

③创建一个文档类，这个里面可以写自己的独特的一些功能

public class Folder extends Directory {
    private List<Directory> dirs;

    private Integer level;

    public Folder(String name,Integer level) {
        super(name);
        this.level = level;
        this.dirs = new ArrayList<Directory>();
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println(this.name);
        for (Directory dir : this.dirs) {
            //控制显示格式
            if(this.level != null){
                for(int  i = 0; i < this.level; i ++){
                    //打印空格控制格式
                    System.out.print("  ");
                }
                for(int  i = 0; i < this.level; i ++){
                    //每一行开始打印一个+号
                    if(i == 0){ System.out.print("+"); }
                    System.out.print("-");
                }
            }
            //打印名称
            dir.show();
        }
    }

    public boolean add(Directory dir) {
        return this.dirs.add(dir);
    }

    public boolean remove(Directory dir) {
        return this.dirs.remove(dir);
    }

    public Directory get(int index) {
        return this.dirs.get(index);
    }

    public void list(){
        for (Directory dir : this.dirs) {
            System.out.println(dir.name);
        }
    }

}

④最后完成测试：

class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        System.out.println("============安全组合模式===========");

        File qq = new File("QQ.exe");
        File wx = new File("微信.exe");

        Folder office = new Folder("办公软件",2);

        File word = new File("Word.exe");
        File ppt = new File("PowerPoint.exe");
        File excel = new File("Excel.exe");

        office.add(word);
        office.add(ppt);
        office.add(excel);

        Folder wps = new Folder("金山软件",3);
        wps.add(new File("WPS.exe"));
        office.add(wps);

        Folder root = new Folder("根目录",1);
        root.add(qq);
        root.add(wx);
        root.add(office);

        System.out.println("----------show()方法效果-----------");
        root.show();

        System.out.println("----------list()方法效果-----------");
        root.list();


    }
}