快速读入模板

namespace IO {
    const int MX = 4e7; //1e7 占用内存 11000kb
    char buf[MX]; int c, sz;
    void begin() {
        c = 0;
        //sz = fread(buf, 1, MX, stdin);//一次性全部读入
        int tot = 1;
        char now;
        while((now = getchar()) != EOF){
            buf[tot++] = now;
        }
        sz = tot;
    }
    inline bool read(int &t) {
        while (c < sz && buf[c] != '-' && (buf[c] < '0' || buf[c] > '9')) c++;
        if (c >= sz) return false;//若读完整个缓冲块则退出
        bool flag = 0; if(buf[c] == '-') flag = 1, c++;
        for(t = 0; c < sz && '0' <= buf[c] && buf[c] <= '9'; c++) t = t * 10 + buf[c] - '0';
        if(flag) t = -t;
        return true;
    }
}
ll read(){
    ll x=0,f=1;register char ch=getchar();
    while(ch<'0'||ch>'9'){if(ch=='-')f=-1;ch=getchar();}
    while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){x=x*10+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}
    return x*f;
}

#include <cctype>

#define fin stdin
#define BUF_SIZE 1 << 16

int pos = BUF_SIZE;
char buf[BUF_SIZE];

inline char nextch() {
    if (pos == BUF_SIZE) fread(buf, BUF_SIZE, 1, fin), pos = 0;
    return buf[pos++];
}

inline int read() {
    char ch;
    while (!isdigit(ch = nextch()));
    int x = ch - '0';
    while (isdigit(ch = nextch())) x = 10 * x + ch - '0';
    return x;
}