c#实验五 文件与流

实验五 文件与流

WPF还不太会...抄STZG的,其他自己写的。

一、实验目的

  1. 掌握文件类的使用;
  2. 掌握文件流的操作;
  3. 掌握二进制数据、文本数据的读写;
  4. 继续应用WPF技术进行界面编程。

二、实验内容

  1. 要求用户输入一个目录名。

如果输入的是有效目录,列出该目录下所有文件和目录:对于目录,名字用[]括起来;对于文件,在文件名后用三个数字加一个字母表示其文件大小,如123B, 123K, 123M等。

提示:可使用右移操作符>>。

using System;

using System.IO;

namespace ConsoleApp1

{

    class Program

    {

        static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            string path = Console.ReadLine();///输入的根目录

            if (!Directory.Exists(path))

            {

                Console.WriteLine("当前路径不存在");

                return;

            }

            dfs(path,0);

        }

        static void dfs(string path,int spaces)///当前所在路径

        {

            for(int i = 0; i < spaces; i++)

            {

                Console.Write(" ");

            }

            Console.WriteLine("["+path+"]:");///输出当前目录

            DirectoryInfo root = new DirectoryInfo(path);///当前路径下的所有文件

            FileInfo[] files = root.GetFiles();

           

            foreach(var i in files)

            {

                for (int j = 0; j < spaces+4; j++) Console.Write(" ");

                Console.Write("该目录下文件:"+i);

                Console.WriteLine(" " + CountSize(i.ToString()) );

                ///输出文件大小

            }

            DirectoryInfo[] dics = root.GetDirectories();

            for(int i = 0; i < dics.Length; i++)

            {

                dfs(dics[i].ToString(), spaces + 10);

            }

            return;

        }

        static string CountSize(string sFullName)

        {

            long lSize = 0;

            if (File.Exists(sFullName))

                lSize = new FileInfo(sFullName).Length;

            string m_strSize = "";

            long FactSize = lSize;

            if (FactSize < 1024.00)

                m_strSize = String.Format("{0:N3}", FactSize) + "B";

            else if (FactSize >= 1024.00 && FactSize < 1048576)

                m_strSize = String.Format("{0:N3}", FactSize >> 10) + "K";

            else if (FactSize >= 1048576 && FactSize < 1073741824)

                m_strSize = String.Format("{0:N3}", FactSize >> 20) + "M";

            else if (FactSize >= 1073741824)

                m_strSize = String.Format("{0:N3}", FactSize >> 30) + "G";

            return m_strSize;

        }

    }

}

Update(2021.6.29):奇怪的是之前这么做可以读出来的,现在在dfs里面每次要加上之前路径的前缀...

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;

namespace ConsoleApp1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string path = "E:\\HB";
            //string path = Console.ReadLine();///输入的根目录
            if (!Directory.Exists(path))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("当前路径不存在");
                return;
            }
            Console.WriteLine(path);
            dfs(path, 0);
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
        static void dfs(string path, int spaces)///当前所在路径
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < spaces; i++)
            {
                Console.Write(" ");
            }
            Console.WriteLine("[" + path + "]:");///输出当前目录

            DirectoryInfo root = new DirectoryInfo(path);///当前路径下的所有文件
            
            
            FileInfo[] files = root.GetFiles();

            foreach (var i in files)
            {
                for (int j = 0; j < spaces + 4; j++) Console.Write(" ");
                Console.Write("该目录下文件:" + i);
                Console.WriteLine(" " + CountSize( (path+"\\"+i).ToString()));/*之前做实验是没写"//"就可以了...现在怎么不加异常了*/
                ///输出文件大小
            }

            DirectoryInfo[] dics = root.GetDirectories();
            for (int i = 0; i < dics.Length; i++)
            {
                dfs((path+"\\"+dics[i]).ToString(), spaces + 10);/*之前做实验是没写"//"就可以了...现在怎么不加异常了*/
            }

            return;
        }
        static string CountSize(string sFullName)
        {
            long lSize = 0;
            if (File.Exists(sFullName))
                lSize = new FileInfo(sFullName).Length;

            string m_strSize = "";
            long FactSize = lSize;
            if (FactSize < 1024.00)
                m_strSize = String.Format("{0:N3}", FactSize) + "B";
            else if (FactSize >= 1024.00 && FactSize < 1048576)
                m_strSize = String.Format("{0:N3}", FactSize >> 10) + "K";
            else if (FactSize >= 1048576 && FactSize < 1073741824)
                m_strSize = String.Format("{0:N3}", FactSize >> 20) + "M";
            else if (FactSize >= 1073741824)
                m_strSize = String.Format("{0:N3}", FactSize >> 30) + "G";
            return m_strSize;
        }

    }
}

  1. 在Code目录下存放着一些文件。遍历该目录,统计其中各个接口的出现次数,分别打印各文件中使用量居前5的接口及次数。现假定接口名称都如IList、ICacheManager

1)接口名称的最主要特征:以I字符开头,第二字符大写。要求:不包含<,如IList<string>应只计IList;以“//”开头的注释不参与统计。

2)按照目录à文件à行à单词à字符的层次关系,逐步深入。

目录:目录名、Directory或DirectoryInfo

文件:文件名、File或FileInfo

行:StreamReader.ReadLine()

单词:String的Split()方法

字符:String[0]

3)接口及对应次数可用Dictionary<string, int>保存,其中的string类型的“键”保存接口名称,int类型的“值”保存该接口的次数。

可使用ContainsKey、TryGetValue、Add或索引符来添加、访问和修改键值对。注意:如果用索引符访问不存在的键会抛出异常,所以在访问之前应试探该值是否存在。

4)字典中的值可用Values属性访问,它可转换为List,然后可排序,访问其中的最大值。

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;

using System.IO;

namespace ConsoleApp2

{

    class Program

    {

        static Dictionary<string, int> map1 = new Dictionary<string, int>();

        class P:IComparable<P>

        {

            public string Name { get; set; }

            public int val { get; set; }

            public int CompareTo(P other)

            {

                return other.val.CompareTo(this.val);

            }

        }

        public static void Main(string[] args)

        {

            string path = "E:\\C#代码\\第五次实验\\Code";

            GetDirectory(path);

           

        }

        static void GetDirectory(string path)

        {

            DirectoryInfo root = new DirectoryInfo(path);///当前路径下的所有文件

            Console.WriteLine("当前目录" + root);

            GetFile(root);

        }

        static void GetFile(DirectoryInfo root)

        { 

            FileInfo[] files = root.GetFiles();

            foreach (var i in files)

            {

               

                Console.Write("   ");

                Console.WriteLine("该目录下文件:" + i);

               

                Getline(i.ToString());

             

            }

        }

        static void Getline(string Filename)

        {

            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(Filename);

            string line;

           

            map1.Clear();

            while ( (line=sr.ReadLine())!=null ){///读文件的每一行

                GetWord(line);

            }

            List<P> list = new List<P>();

            foreach (var j in map1)

            {

                P now = new P();

                now.Name = j.Key; now.val = j.Value;

                list.Add(now);

            }

            list.Sort();

            Console.WriteLine("用到最多的"+Math.Min(5,list.Count)+"个接口");

            for (int j = 0; j < Math.Min(5, list.Count); j++)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(list[j].Name + "    " + list[j].val);

            }

        }

        static void GetWord(string line)

        {

            String[] str = line.Split();///每一行分割成单词

            foreach(var i in str)

            {

                GetByte(i);

            }

           

        }

        static void GetByte(string str)///利用map进行统计

        {

            if (str.Length < 2) return;

            if (str[0] == '/' && str[0] == '/') return;

            if (str[0] != 'I') return;

            if (!(str[1] >= 'A' && str[1] <= 'Z')) return;

                          

            int pre = str.Length; int suf = 0;

            for(int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)

            {

                if (pre == str.Length&&str[i]=='<')

                {

                    pre = i;

                }

                if (suf == 0 && str[i] == '>')

                {

                    suf = i;

                }

            }

            string temp = "";

            for (int i = 0; i < pre; i++)

            {

                temp += str[i];

            }

            Console.WriteLine(temp);

            if (!map1.ContainsKey(temp))

            {

                map1.Add(temp, 1);

            }

            else

            {

                map1[temp]++;

            }

        }

    }

}

  1. 写一个记事本程序:

(1)设计界面,向窗体添加下拉式菜单、文本框、打开文件对话框、保存文件对话框。

(2)依次为“文件”下的“新建”、“打开”、“保存”菜单项的Click事件添加事件处理函数。

(3)实现文本文件的打开、编辑和保存功能;

提示:

(1)    窗口可用DockPanel进行布局,让菜单和工具栏都位于顶部,即:

DockPanel.Dock="Top"。

(2)    文本文件的显示与编辑可以使用TextBox控件。

(3)    使用命令绑定,让菜单项和工具栏同时与一个操作相关联。

在MainWindow.xaml的Window标签下加:

    <Window.CommandBindings>

        <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.New" Executed="NewCommand_Executed"/>

        <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Open" Executed="OpenCommand_Executed"/>

        <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Save" Executed="SaveCommand_Executed"/>

    </Window.CommandBindings>

在菜单项添加:

                <MenuItem Header="新建(_N)" Command="New"/>

在工具栏添加:

            <Button Content="新建" Command="New"/>

就可绑定命令。同时Ctrl+O等键盘组合也默认与Open命令相绑定。

(4)    添加bool类型_saved字段,标记当前内容是否已保存。

(5)    打开文件时,弹出打开文件对话框,操作代码如下:

            OpenFileDialog dlg = new OpenFileDialog();

            dlg.DefaultExt = "*.txt";

            dlg.Filter = "Text Files (*.txt)|*.txt";

            bool? result = dlg.ShowDialog();

            if (result == true)

            {

                string fileName = dlg.FileName;

自此可对该文件名进行操作。

(6)    保存文件时,实际可实现“另存为”功能。弹出保存文件对话框,操作代码如下:

            SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog = new SaveFileDialog();

            saveFileDialog.Filter = "文本文件|*.txt|所有文件|*.*";

            saveFileDialog.FilterIndex = 0;

            bool? result = saveFileDialog.ShowDialog();

            if (result == true)

            {

                string strFile = saveFileDialog.FileName;

自此可对该文件名进行操作。

<Window x:Class="WpfApp1.MainWindow"

        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"

        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"

        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"

        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"

        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp1"

        mc:Ignorable="d"

        Title="记事本" Height="450" Width="800">

    <Window.CommandBindings>

        <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.New" Executed="NewCommand_Executed"/>

        <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Open" Executed="OpenCommand_Executed"/>

        <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Save" Executed="SaveCommand_Executed"/>

        <CommandBinding Command="ApplicationCommands.Print" Executed="PrintCommand_Executed"/>

    </Window.CommandBindings>

    <DockPanel>

        <DockPanel.Resources>

            <Style TargetType="{x:Type Button}" x:Key="formatTextStyle">

                <Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Palatino Linotype"></Setter>

                <Setter Property="Width" Value="30"></Setter>

                <Setter Property="FontSize" Value ="14"></Setter>

                <Setter Property="CommandTarget" Value="{Binding ElementName=MainTextBox}"></Setter>

            </Style>

            <Style TargetType="{x:Type Button}" x:Key="formatImageStyle">

                <Setter Property="Width" Value="30"></Setter>

                <Setter Property="CommandTarget" Value="{Binding ElementName=MainTextBox}"></Setter>

            </Style>

        </DockPanel.Resources>

        <Menu x:Name="MainMenu" DockPanel.Dock="Top">

            <MenuItem Header="文件">

                <MenuItem Header="新建(_N)" Command="New"/>

                <MenuItem Header="打开(_O)" Command="Open"/>

                <MenuItem Header="保存(_S)" Command="Save"/>

                <MenuItem Header="打印(_P)" Command="Print"/>

            </MenuItem>

            <MenuItem Header="格式">

                <MenuItem Header="自动换行(_W)"/>

                <MenuItem Header="字体(_F)"/>

            </MenuItem>

        </Menu>

        <RichTextBox x:Name="MainTextBox" DockPanel.Dock="Top" Height="300" TextChanged="MainTextBox_TextChanged"  AcceptsTab="True">

            <FlowDocument>

                <Paragraph>

                    <Run></Run>

                </Paragraph>

            </FlowDocument>

        </RichTextBox>

        <StatusBar DockPanel.Dock="Bottom">

            <TextBlock x:Name="MainStatusBar"></TextBlock>

        </StatusBar>

    </DockPanel>

</Window>

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.IO;

using System.Linq;

using System.Text;

using System.Threading.Tasks;

using System.Windows;

using System.Windows.Controls;

using System.Windows.Data;

using System.Windows.Documents;

using System.Windows.Input;

using System.Windows.Media;

using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;

using System.Windows.Navigation;

using System.Windows.Shapes;

using Microsoft.Win32;

namespace WpfApp1 {

public partial class MainWindow : Window

{

    private bool _saved;

    private string title

    {

        set { Title = value; }

        get { return Title; }

    }

    public MainWindow()

    {

        InitializeComponent();

    }

    private void NewCommand_Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        _saved = false;

        TextRange range;

        range = new TextRange(MainTextBox.Document.ContentStart, MainTextBox.Document.ContentEnd);

        range.Text = "";

    }

    private void OpenCommand_Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        OpenFileDialog dlg = new OpenFileDialog();

        dlg.DefaultExt = "*.txt";

        dlg.Filter = "Text Files (*.txt)|*.txt";

        bool? result = dlg.ShowDialog();

        string str = null;

        if (result == true)

        {

            string _fileName = dlg.FileName;

            TextRange range;

            FileStream fStream;

            if (File.Exists(_fileName))

            {

                title = _fileName;

                range = new TextRange(MainTextBox.Document.ContentStart, MainTextBox.Document.ContentEnd);

                fStream = new FileStream(_fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);

                range.Load(fStream, DataFormats.XamlPackage);

                fStream.Close();

            }

        }

    }

    private void SaveCommand_Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        if (_saved)

        {

            return;

        }

        SaveFileDialog saveFileDialog = new SaveFileDialog();

        saveFileDialog.Filter = "文本文件|*.txt|所有文件|*.*";

        saveFileDialog.FilterIndex = 0;

        bool? result = saveFileDialog.ShowDialog();

        if (result == true)

        {

            string strFile = saveFileDialog.FileName;

            TextRange range;

            FileStream fStream;

            range = new TextRange(MainTextBox.Document.ContentStart, MainTextBox.Document.ContentEnd);

            fStream = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Create);

            range.Save(fStream, DataFormats.XamlPackage);

            fStream.Close();

            _saved = true;

            MainStatusBar.Text = "保存到" + strFile;

        }

    }

    private void PrintCommand_Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

    {

        PrintDialog pd = new PrintDialog();

        if ((pd.ShowDialog() == true))

        {

            //use either one of the below

            pd.PrintVisual(MainTextBox as Visual, "printing as visual");

            pd.PrintDocument((((IDocumentPaginatorSource)MainTextBox.Document).DocumentPaginator), "printing as paginator");

        }

    }

    private void MainTextBox_TextChanged(object sender, TextChangedEventArgs e)

    {

        _saved = false;

    }

    private void LineCommand_Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

    {

    }

    private void FontSelectCommand_Executed(object sender, ExecutedRoutedEventArgs e)

    {

    }

}

}

  1. 附加:如果还没有选定期末大作业,可使用下面这一题目:(本次实验可不上交,会在超星上新建一个大作业上交,有时间的同学可尝试这个练习)

运用WPF技术,模仿Windows 10系统中计算机器(Calculator)程序,开发一个类似程序。

至少完成:

1)可执行四则运算;

2)数值和运算符按钮采用不同的样式;

加分项:

1)计算机器功能的完整性,如暂存功能、算式列表等;

2)是否使用了数据绑定、模板、样式、依赖项属性等特性;

3)注释和文档;

4)其它功能上的创新。

三、实验心得与体会

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